Hypatia vol. 32, no. 1 (Winter 2017) © by Hypatia, Inc.
MUSINGS
Hetero-Love in Patriarchy: An
Autobiographical Substantiation
LENA GUNNARSSON
THE PERSONAL IS POLITICAL—AGAIN
Feminist theorists have been leading in questioning notions of objectivity that omit
the personal standpoint from processes of truth inquiry. Nonetheless, the taboo on
drawing on the personal has a lingering presence even in feminist work. There seems
to be no doubt, for example, that Luce Irigaray’s work on love (Irigaray 1996; 2002)
or Teresa Brennan’s theory of affective transmission (Brennan 2004) are saturated
with personal experiences, which, however, are never let out of their closet of implic-
itness. The background of this piece is an awkwardness with my own silence about
the role played by my personal experiences in the unfolding of my book The Contra-
dictions of Love (Gunnarsson 2014). In the book I theorize the power relations between
women and men as constituted in and through love, drawing in particular on Anna G.
J onasd ottir’s theorization of men’s exploitation of women’s love (J onasd ottir 1994;
2009). I highlight the structural constraints that this exploitative order imposes on
women, often leaving them in “a continuous struggle on the boundaries of ‘poverty’ in
terms of their possibilities to operate in society as self-assured and self-evidently worthy
people exerting their capacities effectively and legitimately” (J onasd ottir 1994, 225). I
argue that the general tendency of female sociosexual poverty, coupled with the “sur-
plus worthiness” (227) accumulated by men through their appropriation of women’s
love, tends to make women’s need for men more acute than men’s need for women,
creating painful contradictions that are most accentuated in heterosexual couple love
but that also structure woman–man encounters more broadly.
Having put much energy into arguing in my book for how “external” social condi-
tions relentlessly hamper women’s possibilities of acquiring worthiness and being
appropriately loved, I then go on, paradoxically it may seem, to emphasize women’s
own agency and need to take responsibility for their situation. This is done in a
broader context of relativizing my initial claims about the reality of patriarchal con-
straint, where I argue that there is a deeper reality at the level of which women’s