The 5 th International Conference on Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology / Nanomedicine 2021 | 27 ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-DYSLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF BROWN SEAWEED (SARGASSUM POLYCYSTUM) EXTRACT IN RATS FEED WITH HIGH-FAT CONTENT Original Article SARAH ZAIDAN 1* , SYAMSUDIN 1,2 , DIAH KARTIKA PRATAMI 1 , HANA AMARANI SASTRA 1 , FIORINTINA SUTIKNO 1 , DESI NADYA AULENA 1 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, South Jakarta, 12640, Indonesia, 2 Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, South Jakarta, 12640, Indonesia * Email: sarah.zaidan@univpancasila.ac.id Received: 22 Dec 2021, Revised and Accepted: 15 Mar 2022 ABSTRACT Objective: This research aimed to obtain the antioxidant and antidyslipidemic activity of brown seaweed (S. polycystum) extract in vivo. Methods: Two tests, such as antioxidant and anti-dyslipidemia, were conducted on the sample animals. Also, the number of Wistar rats was divided into 2 sections which consisted of 6 treatment groups, respectively. The test animals received high-fat feed for 35 d, after which there administered brown seaweed extract for 14 d. An antioxidant test consisting of 6 treatment groups, such as normal, negative, positive control (vitamin E), doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW, was conducted in the first group. Meanwhile, the anti-dyslipidemia test consisting of 6 treatment groups, including normal, negative, positive (simvastatin), doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW, was carried out in the second group. Hematological and statistical analysis was measured and performed using a 300 micro lab photometer as well as ANOVA, respectively. Results: The antioxidant test results showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity obtained a percentage increase of 63.41%, 75.01%, and 177.11%, while the dyslipidemia test results showed that after the administration of brown seaweed (S. polycystum) extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW, there was a significant difference between the negative controls, with p less than α (0.05), such as total cholesterol (0.000) and triglycerides (0.000). The percentage decrease in total cholesterol levels in the dose group was 31.98%, 41.47%, and 49.45%, with triglyceride levels of 30.65%, 37.78%, and 47.96%, respectively. Conclusion: Considering these results, it was concluded that brown seaweed extract has an antioxidant activity on SOD parameters as well as an antidyslipidemic activity on total cholesterol and triglyceride parameters. Therefore, the most effective dose in improving the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides is 200 mg/kg BW. Keywords: Brown seaweed (Sargassum polycystum), Antioxidant, SOD, High-fat feed, Dyslipidemia, Cholesterol © 2022 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2022.v14s3.06 Journal homepage: https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijap INTRODUCTION Degenerative diseases have recently increased due to morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Furthermore, it is caused by high- fat feed that raises cholesterol levels, resulting in cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis [1]. The high-fat feed also causes Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), which is easily oxidized, produces reactive oxygen species that leads to oxidative stress, and triggers an increase in the lipid peroxidation process. The body produces endogenous antioxidant compounds such as the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). However, this cannot control the oxidation in the body without causing oxidative stress, which requires more significant amounts of antioxidants. This is performed by providing an external intake of exogenous antioxidants from natural and synthetic sources into the body [2]. Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolism disorder due to genetic and environmental factors, which is indicated in the parameters of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides [3]. Plasma lipid levels increase due to high carbohydrate consumption, stored as fat. Therefore, the consumption of high-fat foods and a high- carbohydrate diet affects energy requirements and the formation of triglycerides and plasma cholesterol, as well as reduces HDL cholesterol in the body [4]. The decrease in plasma lipids helps in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Meanwhile, brown seaweed can reduce lipid levels in the blood. According to Akbarzadeh et al. (2018), brown seaweed (Sargassum oligocystum) lowers triglyceride levels in Wistar rats [5]. Therefore, an antidyslipidemic activity test is conducted on the total cholesterol and triglyceride parameters of brown seaweed extract in rats fed with a high-fat content feed. Furthermore, brown seaweed also acts as a source of antioxidants. This plant has flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, fucoidans, and components that act as a source of antioxidants, as stated by Ganapathi and Lutfiyana [6]. This research aims to obtain the antioxidant and antidyslipidemic activity of brown seaweed (S. polycystum) extract in vivo. During this research, brown seaweed was developed into natural medicines with antioxidant and antidyslipidemic activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials The materials used in this research included brown seaweed, vitamin E, high-fat feed consisting of animal fat, vitamins, cellulose, cholesterol, sucrose, cornflour, and casein, 20% EDTA, TEP, Aqudest, 20% TCA, 0.67% TBA, Carbonate buffer solution pH 10.2, Epinephrine solution 0.01 M, Chloroform–Ethanol 96% with a ratio of 3:5, H2O2 0.059 M, and Phosphate buffer 0.05 M pH 7. Furthermore, test animals used were male and female Wistar rats. Tools The tools used in this research were rat cages with food and water, rat scales, analytical scale, syringe, oral sonde, Eppendorf tube, measuring cup, beaker, stirring rod, stove, pestle mortar, micropipette, capillary tube, test tube, centrifugation devices, UV-Vis spectrophotometers, refrigerators, and pH meters. Plant determination The brown seaweed (Sargassum polycistum) was determined by Research Center for Oceonagraphy Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia with No. B-2716/IPK.2/IF/X/2016. Preparation of test animals Male Wistar rats were acclimatized for 7 d. During adaptation, the rats were fed and provided with water (ad libitum). After adaptation, the test animals were divided into 2 sections consisting International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ISSN- 0975-7058 Vol 14, Special Issue 3, 2022