Int J Appl Ceram Technol. 2019;00:1–10. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ijac | 1 © 2019 The American Ceramic Society
1
|
INTRODUCTION
From a regulatory point of view, the Circular Economy rep-
resents the answer given by the EU Commission in July 2014,
in order to make the European economy greener and more
competitive. This allows to:
1. Switching from a linear model of economy—charac-
terized by the withdrawal of natural resources, their
transformation into products that, after consumption, are
disposed of as waste—to a circular model in which
waste is not disposed of in landfills or incinerated, but
is recycled, that is reused as materials that return to
the production process of new goods;
2. Opposing, in a world populated by over 7.5 billion peo-
ple, with the growth and extension to many countries of
production and consumption, to the limited availability of
raw materials and the worrying environmental costs and
impacts of both their withdrawal and managing of large
quantities of waste.
The Circular Economy is designed to be able to regenerate on
its own, through two types of material flows: biological ones,
able to be reintegrated into the biosphere, and technical ones,
destined to be revalued without entering the biosphere. In both
cases no waste should be generated. Biological nutrients are
nontoxic and can simply be composted. Technical nutrients—
polymers, alloys, glasses, and other artificial materials—are de-
signed to be used again with minimal energy expenditure. In the
technical cycle it is necessary to extend the life of the materials,
subjecting them to maintenance, or reusing them or recycling
them as secondary raw materials in an open‐loop recycling.
Received: 2 September 2019
|
Revised: 2 September 2019
|
Accepted: 16 September 2019
DOI: 10.1111/ijac.13396
SPECIAL ISSUE ARTICLE
The circular economy of agro and post‐consumer residues as raw
materials for sustainable ceramics
Fernanda Andreola
1
|
Isabella Lancellotti
1
|
Tiziano Manfredini
1,2
|
Luisa Barbieri
1,2
1
Dipartimento di Ingegneria “Enzo
Ferrari”, Università degli Studi di Modena e
Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
2
Campus Dipartimento di Ingegneria “Enzo
Ferrari”, INTERMECH‐Mo.Re, Tecnopolo
di Modena, Università degli Studi di
Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Correspondence
Luisa Barbieri, Dipartimento di Ingegneria
“Enzo Ferrari”, Università degli Studi di
Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli
10—41125 Modena, Italy.
Email: luisa.barbieri@unimore.it
Abstract
The circular economy in the area of waste management implies their re‐use as a raw
material in different production cycles. Both the qualitative and quantitative charac-
teristics of the residues from the agro sector and those of the products of the ceramics
sector make possible to think of a feasible application. This review will illustrate
some examples of recycling of residues deriving from animal and vegetable sectors
(and two post consume products, spent coffee grounds, and packaging glass cullet),
studied by the authors, falling within the concept of urban and agricultural sustain-
able development. Not only the most traditional products such as glass‐ceramics,
glazes, bricks, but also the most innovative lightweight aggregates for plant struc-
tures or in and out soil cultivation, as well as additives such as deflocculants for
ceramic suspensions, which will be illustrated from the design/production, charac-
terization, and comparison with commercial products.
KEYWORDS
agricultural sustainable development, agro residues, ceramic products, circular economy, urban
sustainable development