Vol 15, Issue 9, 2022 Online - 2455-3891 Print - 0974-2441 STUDY OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN INDIAN POPULATION WITH COMPARISON OF TWO DEFINITIONS NEHA RAJWAL 1 , JASJOT SINGH 2 , NURAKANT NEUPANE 3 * 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India. 2 American Society for Clinical Pathology, USA. 3 Medical Genetics Unit, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Email: nurakantn@gmail.com Received: 29 March 2022, Revised and Accepted: 21 June 2022 ABSTRACT Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is described as the collection of risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, hyperglycemia/ insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia. In developed countries, MetS is highly prevalent among adults and is an emerging health problem in developing countries. In this study, we used the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and National Cholesterol Education Program- Adult Treatment Panel-III (NCEP-ATP III) to define the Mets. The aim of this research was to evaluate the prevalence of MetS, its components, and its major risk factors among adults ≥20 in Jammu and Kashmir according to IDF and the NCEP ATP III criteria. Methods: The project was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory Medicine, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Katra, and Jammu and Kashmir in 100 subjects between the age groups of 20 and 80 years old attending the OPD from 2 January to 30 April 2017. Results: MetS was diagnosed in 57% and 55%, gender-wise distribution came out to be 45.6% and 52.7% in men, and in women, we found 54.3% and 47.3%, according to IDF and the NCEP ATP III definition, respectively. Conclusion: In our study, IDF criteria were better for the early diagnosis of MetS. On the basis of gender prevalence in all parameters in IDF, females are at risk, and in NCEP ATP III, males are more at risk. According to the IDF, central obesity is the only the risk for women. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, International diabetes federation, National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel-III, Obesity, Cardiovascular diseases. INTRODUCTION The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is described as a cluster of several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as high blood pressure (BP) (hypertension), high blood glucose (hyperglycemia), insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia [1]. Syndrome X, Insulin Resistance Syndrome, Dysmetabolic Syndrome X, Reaven Syndrome, and Metabolic Cardiovascular Syndrome are other names for MetS. Obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are the common features of it [2,3]. The importance of MetS is emphasized for several reasons. Patients with MetS have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and atherosclerotic CVD. Second, by comparing the components of MetS, we may be able to better understand the mechanism that connects them and the increases the risk of CVD [4]. People with MetS are 3 times as likely to have a heart attack or stroke and have a twofold risk of developing CVD over the next 5–10 years [5]. The prevalence of MetS and its components is influenced by differences in genetic background, diet, level of physical activity, age, and sex structure [6]. Cardiovascular risk factors such as high BP, deficiency in glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are risk factors of cardiovascular disease and are associated with MetS [7]. Reports of clustering of metabolic risk factors are not new and date back to the early 1920s [8]. In 1920, Kylin, a Swedish physician, demonstrated the relationship between hypertension, hyperglycemia, and gout [9]. Later in 1947, Vague described that visceral obesity was commonly associated with the metabolic abnormalities found in CVD and T2DM [10]. Reaven described “a cluster of risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease” and named it “Syndrome X” a in his Banting lecture in 1988 [7]. Number of researchers have attempt to developed diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of the MetS [11]. The WHO proposed the label “MetS” for the syndrome in1998 [12]. The National Cholesterol Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP/ATP) defines one of the most widely used criteria for MetS. In April 2005, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) proposed a new definition of the MetS [13]. Although it includes the same general criteria as the other definitions, it requires obesity but not necessarily insulin resistance [4]. In the pathophysiology of obesity, visceral obesity is now recognized as an important factor in the IDF definition rather than insulin resistance [14]. The worldwide prevalence of MetS ranges from <10% to as much as 84%. It depends on the region, urban or rural environment, the composition (sex, age, race, and ethnicity) of the population studied and the definition of the syndrome used [15,16]. High body mass index, higher socioeconomic status, and sedentary lifestyle are significantly associated with MetS. Cameron et al. concluded that the differences in genetic background, diet, levels of physical activity, smoking, family history of diabetes, and education all influence the prevalence of the MetS and its components [6]. The observance of MetS prevalence, a study conducted by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, found 5% among the subjects of normal weight, 22% among the overweight, and 60% among the obese [17]. It, further, increases with age (10% in individuals aged 60–69) [18]. The prevalence of MetS (based on NCEP-ATP III criteria, 2001) varied from 8% to 43% in men and from 7% to 56% in women around the world [6,18]. The risk increases with the number of MetS components present. MetS can vary due to multiple factors predisposing to metabolic susceptibility, such as genetic defects in insulin signaling pathways, physical © 2022 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2022v15i9.44760. Journal homepage: https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr Research Article