Chemical and Materials Engineering 3(2): 29-37, 2015 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/cme.2015.030203
Effect of Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of
Tetraethylorthosilicate on the Friction and Wear Loss of
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidized Aluminum 6082
Ahmad R Rastkar
Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran
Copyright © 2015 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract The surface of 6082 aluminum alloy was coated
by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and then treated by
plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PEVCD) of
tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), oxygen and argon. The PEO
electrolyte was alkaline and consisted of potassium
hydroxide and sodium aluminates. A pulsed DC power
supply with the frequency of 18 kHz was utilized to perform
PEO and PECVD treatments. In the PEO process, the
electrolyte was at boiling temperature. PECVD was carried
out at temperature of 400°C. The working pressure of
vacuum chamber was 10 mbar. The surfaces were
characterised using XRD, optical, AFM and SEM
microscopy, EDX analysis, Vickers microhardness test and
ball on disc wear test methods. The thickness of PEO
coated layers was more than 80 μm. α-Al
2
O
3
was the main
oxide compound in the coatings. PECVD treatment resulted
in the diffusion of silicon in the surface oxide layer.
However, up to 16% silicon was identified in the top
surface layers after PECVD treatment, no considerable
variation in the thickness of the alumina layer or new layers
were observed on the surface of the samples. PEO coating
generated very hard surfaces with highly varying coefficient
of friction. PECVD treatment reduced the hardness slightly,
modified the friction behavior and reduced the wear loss
several times.
Keywords Adhesive Wear, Surface Roughness,
Hardness, Coating, Wear Resistance, Stick-slip
1. Introduction
Industrial applications are demanding wear resistant light
alloys, such as surface treated aluminum alloys, instead of
steel. This requires surface hardness of more than 700 HV.
Hard anodizing has been experienced as one the methods for
improving the surface properties of light alloys. After hard
anodizing the surface hardness and the wear resistance of
coatings on aluminum are not as high as hard resisting layers
on steel [1]. PEO has offered new developments in
aluminum oxidation. Several studies have attempted to
produce uniform oxide layers on Al alloys with conventional
anodizing or PEO processes in different electrolytes.
Nevertheless, researchers have yet to produce a uniform and
dense oxide layer free from surface porosities.
Spark discharges in PEO process create discharge
channels on the surface of the samples. Melting, oxidation
and ejection of the elements in these channels lead to growth
of the nano or microcrystalline structure of the coating [2, 3].
This technique is also named micro-arc oxidation. The
plasma phenomena in micro arc oxidation (MAO) or Plasma
electrolytic oxidation (PEO) give unique effect to the
coatings which increase the life of industrial parts with
favorable properties such as high hardness and anti-corrosion
abilities [4, 5]. Industrial applications of these coatings are
widely ranging from automotive to aerospace, textile and oil
and gas industry [6].
Aluminum oxide coatings do not show low or smooth
friction behavior on the surface of aluminum alloys.
Sometimes the high coefficient friction or in fact stick slip
friction behavior of these coating may result in localized
wear or spallation of oxidized surfaces. It has been found that
PEO of Al–Si alloy with 7% silicon content in alkali silicate
solution mainly result in the formation of α-Al
2
O
3
, γ-Al
2
O
3
and SiO
2
and some percentage of mullites (3Al
2
O
3
-2SiO
2
) in
the coating. These investigations have shown that different
combinations of α-Al
2
O
3
and SiO
2
reduce the friction on the
alumina surfaces [7]. It is proposed that it would be
beneficial to produce mullites like phases or combinations of
α-Al
2
O
3
and SiO
2
on PEO surfaces to reduce the friction
coefficient of oxide layer and consequently increase the wear
resistance of these surfaces.
It has been observed that oxides deposited from
organosilicates compounds such as tetraethylorthosilicate
(TEOS) show low friction properties on the surface of light
alloys. Therefore, in this paper we have studied the effect of