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Macromolecular
Chemistry and Physics
© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500349
Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Graphene
Microparticles Having a Core/Shell Structure
Prepared with Carboxylated Graphene as a
Pickering Stabilizer
Gansukh Erdenedelger, Trung Dung Dao,* Han Mo Jeong*
Two kinds of carboxylated thermally reduced graphenes (carboxylated TRGs) with different
lateral sizes are examined as a Pickering stabilizer in the suspension polymerization of methyl
methacrylate. The size and the shape of the prepared composite particles are irregular due
to agglomeration, more evidently when the larger carboxylated TRG is used. In addition, car-
boxylated TRG is distributed not only on the surface but also inside the composite particles.
It indicates that the carboxylated TRG alone is not a stable
Pickering agent. However, a very small dosage of acrylic acid
remedies all these issues because acrylic acid interacts with
carboxylated TRG and synergizes the stabilizing effect. The
compression molded composite of the core/shell poly(methyl
methacrylate)/carboxylated TRG particles exhibits a very low
percolation threshold of electrical conductivity of 0.03 vol%.
It demonstrates that the carboxylated TRG shells of the
composite particles effectively form a segregated conductive
network throughout the composite.
G. Erdenedelger, Dr. T. D. Dao, Prof. H. M. Jeong
Department of Chemistry
Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center
University of Ulsan
Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
E-mail: daotrungdung_vn@yahoo.com;
hmjeong@mail.ulsan.ac.kr
an extremely high surface area, and a high aspect ratio, and
thus it can make a percolative network in polymer compos-
ites at an extremely low loading—less than 1 wt%.
[1–3]
Bulk quantities of graphene can be produced through
the rapid heating of graphite oxide (GO) because the
GO sheets are reduced and exfoliated simultaneously
upon rapid heating due to the thermal decomposition of
oxygen-containing groups of GO and the pressure of gas
products (mainly CO
2
) that builds up instantaneously
between the sheets.
[4]
This method is economical and
eco-friendly because thermally reduced graphene (TRG)
can be mass-produced without the use of any solvent or
reducing agent.
These TRG sheets are normally few-layer graphene
with a specific surface area, ranging from 300 to
1500 m
2
g
-1
, according to the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
(BET) measurements.
[5–7]
TRG has not only a high electrical
conductivity but also an affinity with various solvents and
polymers because some oxygen-containing functional
1. Introduction
Polymer composites filled with electrically conductive nano-
fillers have attracted tremendous attention in practical
applications such as static-charge dissipation, electro-
magnetic shielding, electronic devices, sensors, and actua-
tors. Graphene, a single-atom thick 2D sheet of carbon
atoms bonded into a honeycomb structure, is a fascinating
nanocarbon for the preparation of electrically conductive
polymer composites. It has a superior electrical conductivity,
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2016, 217, 570−580