International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2015): 78.96 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391 Volume 6 Issue 6, June 2017 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY To Study the Prevalence of Scapular Dyskinesia in Gymers and Non Gymers Divya Khare 1 , Supriya Vinay Deshmukh 2 Associate Professor, Physiotherapy Department, Ayushman College, Bhopal [Madhya Pradesh], India 2 Research Scholar, Physiotherapy Department, Ayushman College, Bhopal [Madhya Pradesh], India Abstract: Aim : To assess the prevalence of scapular dyskinesia in gymers as compared to non gymers. Methodology : The study design was case control study which was done on 100 subjects. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. Fifty gymers and fifty matched non gymers were assessed for scapular dyskinesia using Lateral Scapula Slide Test (LSST). Result : Result concluded that scapular dyskinesia is absent in gymers as compared to the non-gymers is rejected and hypothesis scapular dyskinesia is present in gymers as compared to non- gymers accepted based on the results of statistical analysis. Conclusion: As the study has been proved significant, the gym protocols can be revised to include strengthening of the scapular muscles, thus preventing incidences of shoulder pain in gymers. Keywords: scapular dyskinesia; gymers; non- gymers 1. Introduction Scapular dyskinesia is defined as visible alterations in scapular positions & motion patterns & is believed to occur as a result of changes in activation of scapular stabilizing muscles [1]. Hence, the repetitive muscular fatigue may directly affect the scapulohumeral rhythm, resulting in compensatory increased rotation or destabilization of scapula [2]. These alterations in scapular positions have implications for reduction in muscle function thus leading to shoulder injuries [3]. The key scapular muscles for scapular stability &mobility are the upper & lower trapezius muscles &serratus anterior muscle. The muscular factors for scapular dyskinesia are lower trapezius &serratus anterior weakness & lower trapezius hypertrophy [4]. The protocol followed by the gyms these days promote strengthening of mostly the following muscles: deltoid,pectoralis minor,upper trapezius,lattisimusdorsi, biceps brachii& triceps.No much focus is given on strengthening of the scapular stabilizers that are lower trapezius,serratus anterior, rhomboids major and minor & the important shoulder rotators that play a major role in stabilizing the shoulder joint [5]. Hence there is an imbalance in training of the various muscle groups.As the arm is raised, the generally accepted pattern of motion at the shoulder is as follows; the scapulaupwardly rotates, posteriorly tilts, and externally rotates the clavicle elevates and retracts and thehumerus elevates and externally rotates [6]. This coordinated motion is important for normal function of the shoulder girdle and is dependent upon capsulo- ligamentous structures and neuromuscular control [7]. Due to the important role that the shoulder musculature has in producing and controlling shoulder motion, impairments of these muscles could alter the motion of the scapula, clavicle, and/or humerus [8]. Altered scapular kinematics have been identified in individuals with impingement syndrome, rotator cufftears, and glenohumeral instability [9]. Several variables have been identified as risk factors for the development of shoulder pain and include highly repetitive use of the arm, work with the arm in elevated position [10]. One of the potential biomechanical mechanisms that may explain this association is altered scapular and humeral kinematics secondary to shoulder girdle muscle fatigue. Shoulder girdle muscle fatigue has been shown to alter scapulothoracic kinematics [11]. However, it is not clear whether muscle fatigue results in increased or decreased scapular upward rotation [12]. A more complete understanding of the effects that Muscle fatigue has on scapulothoracic and glenohumeral kinematics could provide insight into underlying mechanisms of shoulder injuries. 2. Subjects and Methods The study design was case control study which was done on 100 subjects. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. Fifty gymers and fifty matched non gymers were assessed for scapular dyskinesia using Lateral Scapula Slide Test (LSST). The subjects going to the gym for more than 6 months between the age group of 18 to 40 years regularly and then on gymers of same age group were chosen who did not go to the gym. Both males and females were included in the study. Subjects whose purpose of attending gym was to maintain fitness and strength training only were included. Also the subjects who had any history of shoulder, scapula thoracic or acromio clavicular joint injuries or back injuries due to some other primary cause were also excluded. A clearance from the ethical committee was taken and a written consent from the participants was taken prior to the evaluation and the procedure of assessment was explained. Total duration for assessment of both gymers and non gymers are 4 days. Duration for assessment of gymer group is 2 days. Duration for assessment of non gymers group is 2 days. All the subjects were assessed for scapular dyskinesia. Scapular dyskinesia was assessed using the Lateral Scapular Slide Test. This test is done to determine the stability of the scapula during glenohumeral motion. All the subjects were asked to expose adequately to allow accurate readings. The subjects were asked to stand with their arms resting at the side of the body. The superior angle, spine of scapula and the inferior scapula were marked with the pen on both the sides. Then the distance from the base of the spine of Paper ID: ART20174415 911