Nonlinear Torque Control of BLAC Motor
Karel Jezernik, Robert Horvat, Milan Čurkovič
University of Maribor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Maribor, Slovenia
(e-mail: karel.jezernik@ini-mb.si, robert.horvat@uni-mb.si, milan.curkovic@uni-mb.si)}
Abstract: This study presents the implementation of a hybrid control strategy applied to a brushless AC
(BLAC) motor drive. Hybrid control is a general approach for control of a switching-based Hybrid
Systems (HS). This class of HS includes a continuous process controlled by a discrete controller with a
finite number of states. The overall stability of the system is shown using Lyapunov technique. The
Lyapunov functions used contain a term penalizing incremental energy of control error, torque and stator
current, enhancing the stability. The closed-loop system with the proposed control low provides good
transient response and good regulation the BLAC motor control. A new logical FPGA torque controller
based on Lyapunov theory are developed, analyzed and experimentally verified.
Keywords: Brushless motors, Discrete-event systems, Lyapunov methods, Motor control, Stability
analysis
1. INTRODUCTION
The Brushless AC (BLAC) motor is now widely used
industrial drive applications due to its many advantages such
as high power factor, high torque density, high efficiency,
small size, and weight. A position sensor is required to enable
high quality control and performance of a BLAC motor.
The nonlinear and complex dynamic interactions of AC
machine, coupled with the fact that some important qualities
are not measurable, cause considerable difficulties in
designing high performance AC drive control. Additionally,
the uncertainties arising from imperfect knowledge of system
inputs and inaccuracies in the mathematical modeling itself,
contribute to performance degradation of the feedback
control system. Over the years it has been generally accepted
that field orientation, in one of its many forms, is the most
promising control method for a high dynamic performance
AC drive. The direct torque control (DTC) is basically an
advanced scalar control method and has found acceptance in
replacement of conventional volts/Hz control (Boldea at al.).
In spite of AC drives widespread popularity no rigorous
stability proof for field oriented control or DTC control was
available in the literature. In this paper we provide some
answers to these questions (Buja at al.).
This paper introduces recently developed hybrid based
approach for modelling of discrete event systems in the field
of power electronics and motion control. Power electronic
circuits are hybrid dynamic systems. Because of the ON and
OFF switching of power electronic devices, the operation of
power electronic circuits can be described by a set of discrete
states with associated continuous dynamics. A hybrid
structure arises when a logical control unit governs such a
system by using logic decision (Buisson at al.).
In this paper a hybrid control law based on Lyapunov
stability theory, without linearization, is proposed that strictly
quarantines a sufficient stability region in the state space for
the system against large-signal disturbances. In this approach,
Lyapunov direct method which is the most important tool for
nonlinear control system design is used.
Lyapunov theory has for long time been an important tool in
linear as well as nonlinear control. However, its use within
nonlinear control has been changed by the difficulties to find
the Lyapunov function for a given system. If one can be
found, the system is known to be stable, but the task of
finding such a function has often been left to the imagination
and experience of the designer (Branicky at al.).
In using the direct method, the idea is to construct a scalar-
energy-like function (Lyapunov function) for the system and
to examine the function's time variation. The closed-loop
system with the proposed control law not only guarantees a
sufficient stability region, but also provides good transient
response and good regulation.
The aim of this paper is the design of a control law for a
BLACM to achieve good torque control in steady state and
transient operating conditions. The feedback system is
globally asymptotically stable in the sense of the Lyapunov
stability theory. Therefore we are interested in an extension
of the Lyapunov function concept. This concept used such a
scalar function which contains a logical discontinuous input
switching function penalizing the torque, i.e. current control
error, enhancing the stability.
2. BLAC MOTOR CONTROL
The BLAC motor combines many of the advantages of the
permanent excited AC motor and the synchronous motor.
The BLAC motor needs low reactive current, so similar to
the DC motor, the current is proportional to the torque. The
shaft torque is therefore easy to estimate by detecting three-
phase current of BLAC motor. The BLAC motor is the
combination of a permanent excited synchronous motor and a
5th IFAC Symposium on Mechatronic Systems
Marriott Boston Cambridge
Cambridge, MA, USA, Sept 13-15, 2010
978-3-902661-76-0/10/$20.00 © 2010 IFAC 453 10.3182/20100913-3-US-2015.00006