CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
VOL. 42, 2014
A publication of
The Italian Association
of Chemical Engineering
www.aidic.it/cet
Guest Editors: Petar Sabev Varbanov, Neven Duić
Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.,
ISBN 978-88-95608-33-4; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI:10.3303/CET1442008
Please cite this article as: Nagy E., Hegedüs I., 2014, Description of the overall mass transport during membrane gas
separation, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 42, 43-48 DOI:10.3303/CET1442008
43
Description of the Overall Mass Transport
during Membrane Gas Separation
Endre Nagy*, Imre Hegedüs
a
Affiliation Research Institute of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Egyetem u. 10.
Hungary
nagy@mukki.richem.hu
Concentration polarization has often been observed in membrane gas separation when there is an
accumulation of the less permeable species and a depletion of the more permeable components in the
boundary layer of the fluid phase as a result of high fluxes of solute and selectivity and low bulk diffusion.
The theoretical prediction of the negative effect of the mass transfer resistance of the boundary layer is
crucial in order to be able to calculate the separation efficiency of a gas separation. Models developed in
order to describe the mass transport during gas separation enable the user to calculate under what
operating conditions the best separation efficiency can be reached. Case study illustrates how these
expressions can be applied for prediction of the separation efficiency of a membrane gas separation
process applying rubbery polymer membrane. Comparing the theoretical data to that of the experimental it
was proved that the model results are in good agreement with that of the experimental ones.
1. Introduction
The theoretical prediction of the negative effect of the mass transfer resistance of the boundary layer is
crucial in order to be able to calculate the separation efficiency of a gas separation (Chou et al., 2013).
The theoretical prediction of the mass transport, taking into account simultaneously both the mass transfer
resistances of the polarization and the membrane layers, is necessary for a correct membrane design,
since it is useless decreasing as much as possible the membrane thickness for increasing the flux if part of
the transport resistance is in the feed boundary layer (Caravella et al., 2009). Several papers have
analyzed the concentration polarization in gas permeation by both theoretically (Nemmani and Suggala,
2010) and experimentally (Park et al. 2008). It was shown that the convective velocity in the polarization
layer is generally relatively high accordingly its effect of the mass transport must not be neglected. The
main question to be answered is how the simultaneous effect of both the polarization and membrane
layers can be exactly described in presence of not negligible convective velocity. This paper analyzes the
simultaneous mass transport of the boundary and membrane layers in presence of convective plus
diffusive flow in the boundary layer and diffusive one in the membrane.
2. Theory
It is assumed that there is diffusive and convective flow in the boundary layer and only diffusive flow exists
in the dense, polymeric membrane layer. Under steady state, the gas concentration profiles of the more
permeated component are illustrated in Figure 1 in the two layers. Due to the convective flow the
concentration distribution can have convex shape in the boundary layer while that is linear in the
membrane one.
2.1 Boundary layer mass transport
The mass balance equation of transported gases, through the boundary layer, for steady operation
condition is (He et al. 1999):