_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: Email: othornt@unc.edu; Asian J. Adv. Res. Rep., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 1-11, 2023 Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports Volume 17, Issue 4, Page 1-11, 2023; Article no.AJARR.97795 ISSN: 2582-3248 Effective Ultramarathon Pacing Strategies on Road and Trail: A Narrative Review Owen R. Thornton a* a Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America. Author’s contribution The sole author designed, analyzed, interpreted and prepared the manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/AJARR/2023/v17i4474 Open Peer Review History: This journal follows the Advanced Open Peer Review policy. Identity of the Reviewers, Editor(s) and additional Reviewers, peer review comments, different versions of the manuscript, comments of the editors, etc are available here: https://www.sdiarticle5.com/review-history/97795 Received: 11/03/2023 Accepted: 17/03/2023 Published: 21/03/2023 ABSTRACT Since the inaugural Comrades Marathon in 1921, ultramarathons have witnessed remarkable growth, with a recent surge in both participation and spectator interest. As performance improvement becomes a priority for researchers and ultramarathon runners, understanding pacing strategies, which greatly impact performance, is essential. Pacing strategies for ultramarathon runners can differ substantially based on factors such as age, distance, performance level, and the competition environment. These strategies can help overcome speed drops, especially when running on mountainous or flat terrain, and aid in implementing precooling strategies for improved running. However, no study has fully explored the distinct pacing techniques required for ultramarathons on hilly terrain compared to level roads or tracks. This review aims to provide researchers, coaches, and ultramarathon competitors with a better understanding of pacing processes and strategies across various terrains. It synthesizes effective pacing strategies from existing literature on mountain and track ultramarathons, highlighting similarities, differences, and potential gaps in knowledge. By doing so, this review aims to help ultramarathon participants more effectively comprehend and apply pacing tactics across a range of terrains. Review Article