Review Article ISSN: 2574 -1241 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2023.49.007739 Silver Nanoparticle for Disease Treatment: A Review Girum Tefera Belachew* Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Birhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia *Corresponding author: Girum Tefera Belachew, Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Birhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Background: Since nanotechnology may be applied almost everywhere, it is a rapidly developing field of medical science. The need for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is rising quickly in numerous industries, including medicine, pharmaceuticals, healthcare, food and beverage, consumer goods, cosmetics, etc. Due to its many applications, including its antibacterial qualities, it has been utilized in home products, medical equipment, food industry, wound dressing, in diagnostic, orthopaedics, and as an anticancer agent. The use of Phyto-constituents in the synthesis of green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which have significant promise for treating a variety of ailments, is valuable and encouraging. The synthesis, characterization, and therapeutic potential of silver nanoparticles are discussed in general terms in this review. Keywords: Silver Nanoparticles; Cytotoxicity; Antiviral Effect; Antibacterial Agent, Anticancer Agent Copyright@ : Girum Tefera Belachew | Biomed J Sci & Tech Res | BJSTR. MS.ID.007739. 40262 Received: February 18, 2023 Published: March 02, 2023 Citation: Girum Tefera Belachew. Silver Nanoparticle for Disease Treatment: A Re- view. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 49(1)-2023. BJSTR. MS.ID.007739. Introduction The development of nanotechnology, which offers incredible ways to cope with life-threatening ailments, has boosted advancement in the field of medical science. Nanotechnology is a significant advancement that has numerous uses in a variety of industries, including electronics [1], textiles [2], and most significantly, healthcare [3], where it is used for targeted medication administration, diagnosis, treatment, and biosensing. An extremely appealing platform for a wide range of biological applications is provided by nanoparticles. Treatments using nanoparticles are more precise for diseases like cancer that are challenging to treat. Preventing the killing of non- cancerous cells while harming the tumor cells is the major problem in the treatment of cancer. Oral or parenteral treatments now used circulate throughout the body and are harmful [4]. Just the malignant cells that are actively growing will be targeted for cytotoxicity by targeted medication therapies using nanosized formulations. The use of nanosized formulations in the treatment of chronic diseases like cancer is absolutely astounding [5]. To create vaccinations against the virus, pharmaceutical corporations from across the world are working with researchers. But the world still struggles to accept it. This calls for urgent study and antiviral medicine development to protect human health from life-threatening viruses. Due to their distinctive characteristics and applications, metallic nanoparticles are receiving a lot of attention. The most researched silver nanoparticles are those that have incredibly broad- spectrum activity. Nanoscience research on AgNPs has advanced significantly, particularly in the areas of antimicrobial, antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-angiogenic properties [6-12]. As a result, the goal of this review paper is to provide an overview of silver nanoparticle therapy. Synthesis Methods To produce silver nanostructures, numerous methods have been developed. These approaches can be divided into three categories: 1. Chemical methods [13-16]; 2. Physical methods [17-20]; and 3. Biological methods [21-23]. Chemical reduction [13], electrochemical approaches [14], irradiation-assisted chemical methods [15], and pyrolysis [16] are subcategories of chemical methods for the synthesis of silver nanostructures. Metal precursors, reducing agents, and stabilizing/ capping agents are typically the three major components used in the production of silver nanostructures in solution. Boron hydride, sodium citrate, ascorbic acid, alcohol, and hydrazine compounds are some often used reducing agents. In the biological synthesis of AgNPs, benign molecules (proteins, carbohydrates, antioxidants, etc.) produced by living organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, yeasts,