Key Indicators for Determining Capital Structure for Public
Companies in Indonesia
Rendy Mirwan Aspirandi
1
, Riyanto Setiawan Suharsono
2
rendymirwanaspirandi@unmuhjember.ac.id
1
, riyantosetiawan@unmuhjember.ac.id
2
Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, Karimata Street Number 49 Jember
123
Abstract. This research has the purpose to explain the influence of assets consisting of asset structure (fixed
assets ratio), liquidity (current ratio) and solvency (DAR) on capital structure (LTDER). This research has
the population of tourism and hospitality companies that go public listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange
in the period 2018-2020, with total 35 companies, and using a sample technique, namely purposive sampling
with a sampling technique with certain conditions, in order to obtain 22 companies that fullfills the criteria.
sampling. This research uses data from secondary data collected by non-participant observation method. This
research uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques. This paper produces research finding that the
variable structure of the asset structure has no influence on the capital structure, the liquidity has an influence
on the capital structure, and the solvency has an influence on the capital structure.
Keywords: capital structure, covid-19, tourist and hotel
1 Introduction
The definition capital structure is one of the indicators used in the company's operations. Company
operation must be optimize its capital structure, so that its performance can be assessed both by creditors and
investors. To optimize the capital structure, the combination of the amount of debt and equity in such a way as
to minimize the company's cost [1].
The key indicators that can be considered in determining the capital structure are assets, liquidity and
solvency [1]. Several previous studies that have examined the role of assets on capital structure state that the
assets showed a positive but not significant impact on the capital structure [2], [3]. But there are also some who
state that the assets showed a significant role on capital structure [4], [5].
In addition to asset structure, liquidity is also a key indicator in determining the capital structure of a
company. Several previous studies have found that liquidity has a significant role in capital structure [6], [7].
Besides that, several studies have found that liquidity does not play a role in capital structure [8], [9]. Various
findings from previous studies that are still inconsistent indicate that there is still a need for follow-up research
on the topic of capital structure.
Solvency is also one of the key indicators for capital structure. Several previous studies have found that
solvency has a significant role in capital structure [10]. On the other hand, several studies have found that
solvency does not play a role in capital structure [11]. Research on the role of solvency on capital structure is
still rarely done. Therefore, this topic still needs to be explored more intensively.
The existence of a virus called the Covid 19 virus has an impact on global health. In addition, it also has
an impact on several other sectors such as the education, economic, social, tourism, hospitality, etc. This
condition is due to the fear that the COVID-19 virus will spread through the air, shaking hands, and through
people who have coughs and colds. In the end, everyone has a fear of interacting with other people. This fear
ultimately makes a person more nervous, so that his mind will be disturbed, which causes more pain. Cases of
death due to the covid virus and accompanying congenital diseases cause a fairly high mortality rate. In the end,
many people choose to avoid interacting with others.
The sectors most affected by the diseases covid 19 are the tourism and hospitality sectors. The tourism
sector in Indonesia is a rapidly growing sector. Many tourist attractions in Indonesia are frequented by many
foreign tourists. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused the tourism industry in Indonesia to decline sharply. This is
because many countries implement emergency conditions and restrictions related to human activities.
Based on so many differences in the results of previous studies and the phenomena that occurred during
COVID-19, this study will further explore “Key Indicators for Determining Capital Structure for Public
Companies in Indonesia”. The discussion will focus more on three main indicators, namely, asset structure,
liquidity and solvency.
2 Literature Review
The emergence of the trade off theory is due to the merger of the Modigliani-Miller theory. Where in this
theory there are agency costs and bankruptcy costs. This phenomenon proves that there is a trade off that comes
from saving taxes from debt and bankruptcy costs [12]. This situation shows that if the proportion of debt is
ICBAE 2022, August 10-11, Purwokerto, Indonesia
Copyright © 2022 EAI
DOI 10.4108/eai.10-8-2022.2320890