Jurnal JOEPALLT
Volume 9 Number 02 September 2021
ISSN 2338-3739 (Print)
ISSN 2614-8099 (online)
https://jurnal.unsur.ac.id/jeopallt
Authors: Itha Priyastiti
Copyright ©2021 JOEPALLT
Journal of English Pedagogy, Linguistics, Literature, and Teaching
1
THE USE OF FIRST LANGUAGE IN ENGLISH
AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS
Itha Priyastiti
ipriyastiti@unkriswina.ac.id
Universitas Kristen Wira Wacana Sumba
ABSTRACT
Discussions of the second language (L2) pedagogy have been studied not only in the language and
education fields. Experts working in the psychology field also propose theories on applied
linguistics because L2 acquisitions involve external and internal processes. However, despite
numerous studies on the field, it appears that an issue regarding the use of first language (L1) still
creates continuous debates. Although arguments opposing the use of first L1 present compelling
theories as to their rationale, they appear to overlook the context in which teaching and learning
process takes place. The studies were either conducted in English as a Second Language (ESL) or
English as a Foreign Language (EFL), where teachers are native speakers who do not share the
same L1 with students. Considering the uniqueness in classroom contexts, this paper is not going
to argue or take sides on the conflicting views on the use of L1. Instead, it attempts to
acknowledge the gap of the context in language teaching used in previous studies. Using a
sociocultural theory, this article will describe the beneficial use of L1 with a focus on its use by
teachers in an EFL context where teachers share the same L1 with students.
Keywords: first language, English as a Foreign Language, sociocultural theory
INTRODUCTION
Speaking of teaching and learning approaches, the use of first language (L1) in English
classrooms has created rooms for debates in the second language acquisition discussions. It is
believed that when individuals learn a new language, they follow the same process as the first
language acquisition. Unfortunately, perceived from the view, it is argued that L1 carries potential
errors because it may initiate language transfer (Selinker & Lakshmanan, 1993). Departed from
the argument, teachers need to minimize any possible errors during the second language learning
process to maximize the mastery of the new language. Another notion opposing the use of L1
relates to students’ motivation. It is argued that giving maximum exposure to TL will send a
message on the language importance. Therefore, it will encourage positive ambiance, enhance
learners’ motivation as they see the importance of the language, and eventually, provide learners
with greater opportunity to learn (Turnbull, 2001; Turnbull & Arnett, 2002). In other words, the
use of L1 is prone to major risks to learners’ language development; and hence, the use of
exclusive target language (TL) is perceived as more plausible.
Despite numerous writings showing strong support for the monolingual way of teaching
English as the target language, there are some gaps in the context of discussion. Firstly, most
articles underlined their points of support to the use of maximum TL, appear to heavily rely on
second language acquisition (SLA) theories. An article by Derakhshan and Karimi (2015), which