Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/npbr Oxidativestress,antioxidantdefenseanddepressivedisorders:Asystematic review of biochemical and molecular markers Maiza Lacerda Barbosa a,e, *, Ag-Anne Pereira Melo de Meneses a,e ,RaiPabloSousadeAguiar b , João Marcelo de Castro e Sousa c , Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo Cavalcante c , Sharbel Weidner Maluf a,c,d,e a Program In Pharmaceutic Sciences, Federal University Of Piauí, University Campus Minister Petrônio Portella, S/N, 64.049-550, Ininga, Terezina, Piauí, Pi, Brazil b ProgramInBiomedicSciences,FederalUniversityofPiauí,UniversityCampusMinisterReisVeloso,Av.SãoSebastião,2819,64202-020,São Benedito, Parnaíba, Piauí, Pi, Brazil c Program In Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, S/N, 88040-900, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Sc, Brazil d Laboratory of Genetics, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Professora Maria Flora Pausewang, S/N, 88036-800, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Sc, Brazil e Genetic Toxicology Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Technology Nucleus, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portella, s/n, 64.049-550, Ininga, Terezina, Piauí, PI, Brazil. ARTICLEINFO Keywords: Depression Oxidative stress Antioxidants Depressive disorders ABSTRACT Background: Oxidative stress (OS) can contribute to the development of several diseases, including depressive disorders (DD). Antioxidant therapy been an important tool to depressive disorders or to side efects of the current therapy. This systematic review aimed to correlate the biochemical and molecular biomarkers of oxi- dative stress and antioxidant defenses with depressive disorders, through the evaluation of clinical studies. Methods: The literature were obtained from the PubMed, Scielo, VHL, Medline and Scopus databases with the descriptors [depressive disorders], [vitamin antioxidants], [vitamin C], [retinol palmitate], [vitamin A] and [depression], combined. Results: SeveralbiomarkersofoxidativedamagethatafectbiomoleculessuchasDNA,RNA,proteinsandlipids and antioxidant defense biomarkers were analyzed in 28 articles selected by the the inclusion criteria. The biomarkersfoundwere8-OHdG,3-NT,PCC,F2-Iso,4-HNE,8-Iso,MDA,SOD,CAT,GPxandvitaminsAandC. Conclusions: Mostofthestudiesfoundsignifcant associations between these biomarkers, depressive disorders. Thus, there are many perspectives for further studies that can clarify the relation of these biomarkers with depressive disorders. Limitations: The scarce literature that ft the inclusion criteria may have limited this review. 1. Introduction During aerobic metabolism, oxygen is reduced to water and gen- erates reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion, hydrogenperoxide,hydroxylradicalandsingletoxygen.ROSarehighly reactive molecules that chemically alter cellular structures, such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, and can cause damage to cells and tissues. The organisms protect themselves from damages, through https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.02.006 Received 14 October 2018; Received in revised form 24 December 2019; Accepted 15 February 2020 Abbreviations: OS, Oxidative Stress; ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; CAT, Catalase; GPx, Glutathione dismutase; GR, glutathione reductase; GST, glutathione S transferase; Vit A, Vitamin A/ retinol palmitate; Vit C, Vitamin C/ ascorbic acid; Vit E, vitamin E/ α-tocopherol; DD, Depressive Disorders; MDD, Major Depressive Disorder; BD, Bipolar Disorder; rDD, Recurrent Depressive Disorder; HPLC, High Performance Liquid Chromatography; WB, Western blot; Hb, Hemoglobin; GSH, Reduced glutathione; GSSG, Glutathione disulfde / Glutathione oxidized; MPO, Myeloperoxidase; 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2′- deoxyguanosine; 8-oxodG, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine; 8-oxoGuo, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine ribonucleoside; 3-NT, 3-nitrotirosine; PC, Protein Carbonyl; LPH, Lipids hydroperoxides; LPS, Lipids hidroperoxides; F-2-ISO, F-2 Isoprostanes; 4-HNE, 4-hiroxy-2-nonenal; 8-Iso, 8-Isoprostanes; MDA, Malondialdehyde; H, LC–MS, Liquid Chromatography with Spectrometer mass; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; RNA, ribonucleic acid; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: maizalb02@gmail.com (M.L. Barbosa). Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research 36 (2020) 65–72 0941-9500/ © 2020 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. T