Received: 11 December 2018 Revised: 19 February 2019 Accepted: 17 March 2019 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12378 CASE HISTORY REPORT Oral rehabilitation of a case with regional odontodysplasia using a regenerative approach—A case report and a review of literature Mohamed Ahmed Abdel-Kader 1,2 Ahmad Farouk Abdelazeem 1,3,4 Nermeen El-moataz Bellah Ahmed 1,4 Yasmin Mohamed Khalil 1 Mostafa Ibrahim Mostafa 1 1 Department of Oro-dental Genetics, Medical Research Centre of Excellency, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt 2 Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt 3 Al-Azhar Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt 4 Stem Cell Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt Correspondence Nermeen El-moataz Bellah Ahmed, Depart- ment of Oro-dental Genetics, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt, Box: 12622, Cairo. Email: nermeenkandel@gmail.com Abstract Aim: to investigate for the first time whether the regenerative approach can be used to rehabilitate a case with regional odontodysplasia (ROD). ROD is a rare, localized developmental anomaly of the dental tissues. Moreover, we review the various treat- ment protocols for ROD and compare them to the suggested regenerative protocol. Case Report: A 22-year-old female patient diagnosed with ROD in the upper left quadrant was presented to our clinic. Initially, the affected teeth were extracted and three implants were inserted. A combination of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) seeded on a collagen sponge, nanohydroxyapatite, and autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was used to enhance bone regeneration in the defective area and around the inserted implants. After 9 months, bone regeneration and successful osteointegration around the inserted implants were achieved, permitting the insertion of a fourth implant. After an additional six months, a final fixed restoration was con- structed. Conclusion: The suggested regenerative approach provides a better treatment option for ROD patients to regenerate the lost bone, rehabilitate aesthetics, and restore normal function. KEYWORDS bone marrow mononuclear cells, bone regeneration, platelet-rich fibrin, regional odontodysplasia 1 INTRODUCTION Regional odontodysplasia (ROD) was first described in 1934. 1 ROD is a rare, localized developmental anomaly of the dental mesodermal and ectodermal tissues. It affects a specific segment in either/both dentitions in the either/both jaws. It is suggested that ROD affects females more than males but does not affect any particular ethnic group more than others. 2 ROD usually affects the maxilla twice as often as the mandible. It is associated with distinctive clinical, radiographic, and his- tologic findings. Clinically, some ROD patients may have © 2019 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. some facial asymmetry. Radiographic features include thin and defective layers of enamel and dentine, resulting in a faint, ambiguous outline, creating a ghost-like appearance with multiple impacted teeth. 3 Structurally defective teeth are more liable to develop dental caries and subsequent tooth infections. 4 Therefore, many suggested treatment approaches include the extraction of the affected teeth and the construction of a temporary restoration. 5 However, the consequences of premature loss of teeth are quite devastating. Patients usually suffer from progressive bone resorption, atrophied ridges and reduced Spec Care Dentist. 2019;1–10. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/scd 1