International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM) Volume 4, Issue 1 Jan 2022, pp: 779-789 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252 DOI: 10.35629/5252-0401779789 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 779 Hydrological Simulation of a Pancheshwer Basin using SWAT CUP Model Harish Kumar Dwivedi 1* , Hardeep Maurya 2 , Keshav Kumar Sharma 3 , Mukesh Kumar 4 , Shakti Suryavanshi 1 1 Research Scholar, Department of civil engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 2 Research Scholar, Department of civil engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 4 Assistant Professor, Centre for Geospatial Technologies, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh *Corresponding Author: Harish Kumar Dwivedi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Submitted: 15-01-2022 Revised: 23-01-2022 Accepted: 25-01-2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT: For the Pancheshwer basin (13659.45 km 2 ), which is located on the international border between India and Nepal, a semi-distributed hydrological model, soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was used to predict the water balance. For this study, the entire basin was divided into six sub basins. Unique slope, soil, and land cover classes are created using the SWAT model. The model was calibrated using monthly discharge data (1982-1986). The goodness-of-fit statistics from parameter sensitivity analysis help focus the calibration and validation analysis. Finally, a study was conducted to determine the seasonal and annual water balance of the Pancheshwer basin for the years 1982-1986. The results demonstrate that the SWAT model can be successfully implemented in the Pancheshwer Basin. KEY WORDS: Hydrological modeling; SWAT model; Pancheshwer basin; Temperature; Rainfall I. INTRODUCTION The total water contained in the hydrological cycle in various forms remains more or less constant; however, per capita water availability is rapidly decreasing around the world due to growing population and rising living standards, resulting in increased demands. This, in turn, necessitates making the best use of available water resources. Despite having made remarkable progress in the development of water resources since independence, India is currently facing several challenging issues in the water sector, primarily due to meteorological factors such as extreme climatic variations and rapid population growth, urbanization, and industrialization. Any significant changes in the water budget will substantially impact hydrologic processes and, as a result, the country's economy and population welfare.Water resource models represent physical, environmental, economic, and social processes to provide insight into potential solutions to water resource problems. For the last four decades, researchers worldwide have been developing empirical or conceptual hydrological models to predict hydrological variables. Simulation models, in which processes are simulated to test alternative scenarios, and optimization models, in which objectives are specified, and parameters are adjusted to meet the goals, are examples of physically-based models. Many water resource models work around a problem's spatial aspects by simplifying assumptions and parameterization (Walsh, 1993). The Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) model, for example, is a continuous-time model that can operate on a daily time step. The primary goal of model development was to predict the impact of management on runoff, sediment, and agricultural chemical yields over extended periods in large un-gauged basins. Several researchers have tested the SWAT model for runoff and sediment yield daily, monthly, and annual basis (Srinivasan et al. 1993; Srinivasan and Arnold, 1994; Rosenthal et al., 1995). The parameter sensitivity analysis aids in the focus of the calibration and uncertainty analyses, as well as providing statistics for goodness-of-fit. For