© Freund Publishing House Ltd., London
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism, 13, 811-820 (2000)
Combined Therapy with GnRH Analog Plus Growth Hormone
in Central Precocious Puberty
Ida Pucarelli, Maria Segni, Massimiliano Ortore, Alessandra Moretti, Riccardo Iannaccone
and Anna Maria Pasquino
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Pediatric Department, University "La Sapienza ", Rome, Italy
ABSTRACT
GnRH analogues (GnRHa) arrest pubertal
development, and slow growth velocity (GV)
and bone maturation, thus improving adult
height in central precocious puberty (CPP). In
some patients, however, GV decreases to such an
extent that it compromises the improvement in
predicted adult height (PAH) and therefore the
addition of GH is suggested. Of 20 patients with
idiopathic CPP (treated with GnRHa [depot-
triptorelin] at a dose of 100 g/kg every 21 days
i.m. for at least 2-3 yr) whose GV fell below the
25
th
percentile for chronological age (CA), ten
received, in addition to the GnRHa, GH at a
dose of 0.3 mg/kg/wk, s.c. 6 days weekly, for 2-4
yr. Ten patients matched for BA, CA, and
duration of GnRHa treatment who showed the
same growth pattern but refused GH treatment,
served to evaluate the efficacy of the addition of
GH. No patient showed classical GH deficiency.
Both groups discontinued treatment at a
comparable BA (mean ± SEM): 13.2 ± 0.2 yr in
GnRHa + GH vs 13.0 ± 0.1 yr in the control
group. At the conclusion of the study all the
patients had achieved adult height. Adult height
was considered to be attained when the growth
during the preceding year was less than 1 cm,
with a BA of over 15 yr. Patients of the group
treated with GH + GnRHa showed an adult
height significantly higher (p<0.001) than pre-
treatment PAH (160.6 ± 1.3 vs 152.7 ± 1.7 cm).
Reprint address:
Anna Maria Pasquino, M.D.
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit
Pediatric Department
University "La Sapienza"
Viale Regina Elena 324
00161 Rome, Italy
e-mail: annamarp@tin.it
VOLUME 13, SUPPLEMENT 1, 2000
Height SDS for BA significantly increased from
-1.5 ± 0.2 at start of GnRHa to -0.21 ± 0.2 at
adult height (pcO.OOl). Target height was signif-
icantly exceeded. The GnRH alone treated
group reached an adult height not significantly
higher than pretreatment PAH (157.1 ± 2.5 vs
155.5 ± 1.9 cm). Height SDS for BA did not
change (from -1.0 ± 0.3 at start of GnRHa to -0.7
± 0.4 at adult height). Target height was just
reached but not significantly exceeded. The gain
in centimeters obtained calculated between
pretreatment PAH and final height was 7.9 ± 1.1
cm in patients treated with GH combined with
GnRH analogue while in patients treated with
GnRH analogue alone the gain was just 1.6 cm ±
1.2 (p=0.001). Furthermore, no side effects, bone
age progression, or ovarian cysts, were observed
in GnRHa + GH treated patients. In conclusion,
a gain of 7.9 cm in adult height represents a
significant improvement which justifies the
addition of GH for 2-3 yr to conventional
treatment with GnRH analogues in patients with
central precocious puberty, and with a decrease
in growth velocity so marked as to impair
predicted adult height to below the third
percentile.
KEY WORDS
GnRH analogue, central precocious puberty,
growth hormone, predicted adult height
INTRODUCTION
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues
(GnRHa) arrest pubertal development, slow bone
maturation
1
"
4
and improve adult height in patients
with idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP)
1
'
5
"
l6
. During treatment, however, some patients show
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