Toxicology International 1 Vol 28 (3) | July-September 2021 | www.informaticsjournals.com/index.php/toxi/index Mimosa pudica Ameliorated Dichlorvos Induced Neuro-oxidation *Author for correspondence Toxicology International, Vol 28(3), 177-186, 2021, DOI: 10.18311/ti/2021/v28i3/26728 Original Research ISSN (Print): 0971-6580 ISSN (Online): 0976-5131 Abstract There has been a drastic widespread use and abuse of dichlorvos (DDVP) with increasing accidental and intentional exposure. Hence, the need for a local therapeutic remedy before medical intervention. This study aimed to show the ameliorative properties of Mimosa pudica (MP) on DDVP induced neurotoxicity. 50 adult BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 mice each. Mice were given normal feed or poisoned feed (2.5% of dichlorvos in feed) with or without MP extract treatment. The exposure lasted for 28 days and all administration was done orally. At the end of exposure, mice were euthanized using chloroform and perfused transcardially using 1X PBS followed by 10% formal saline for animals designated for histochemical evaluations. Exposure to DDVP reduces granular cell layer thickness, altered Nissl substance distribution, elevates expression of GFAP and CD68 compared to control, co-administration with MP extract did not considerably reversed these effects unlike DDVP+MP that showed similar observation to control mice. GR was significantly high in all groups than the control except DDVP+MP and the level of SOD was significantly reduced in DDVP mice compared to other groups. DDVP induced hippocampal alterations accompanied by oxidative stress reversed by subsequent treatment with MP extract. 1. Introduction Report from the World Health Organization showed that about 193,460 people died in 2012 due to unintentional poisoning where low- and middle-income countries account for 84% of these deaths. It is further stated that the use of pesticides accounts for the highest number of deaths by suicide every year which can be reduced by limiting access to poisonous pesticides. Dichlorvos (DDVP) a type of organophosphate (OP) compound widely used in pest control for farm produce 1 . OP compounds use has been reported in recent times to be used widely in the control of household pests and preservation of agricultural produce 2,3 . OPs also include nerve gases 4 due to the use of OPs by terrorists, and some high profle assassinations 5,6 it has become a major chemical threat agent. OPs exposure inhibits the activity of anticholinesterase in the body system, this inhibition leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine at the synapse 7–10 . Tis accumulation leads to what is referred to as cholinergic crisis 5 . Symptoms of a cholinergic crisis include muscle fasciculation with subsequent faccid Keywords: Mimosa pudica, Oxidative Stress, Hippocampus, DDVP Mimosa pudica Ameliorated Dichlorvos Induced Neuro-oxidation L. A. Enye 1,2* , A. O. Ebeye 2 , O. A. Udi 3 , A. O. Ishola 1 and P. S. Igbigbi 2 1 Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria; enyelinus@abuad.edu.ng 2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria 3 Department of Anatomy, Achievers University Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria