Pharmacological boon of Cassia fstula: A Review International Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2021; 3(1) 25 Standardization and Toxicological Studies of The Leaf of Senna Siamea Irwin and Barneby (Fabaceae) Collected From Agulu In Awka South of Anambra State N.J. Alieze 1 , F.A. Onyegbule 2 , H.M.N. Ifebi 1 , C.C. Ezea 1* , C.C. Onwuzuligbo 1 , F.C. Anowi 1 , C. J. Ike 3 , H. C. Nedum 1 1 Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Corresponding Author: Ezea, Charity Chinasa; Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, 422001, Anambra State, Nigeria. Tel: +234 8060375668, E-mail: cc.ezea@unizik.edu.ng IJPER ABSTRACT Background: Pharmacognostic standards and toxicological studies of the leaf of S. siamea were carried out. Objectives: To determine the quantitative phytochemical constituents present, pharmacognostic standards and toxicological efect of the methanol leaf extract and fractions of S. siamea. Methodology: Fresh leaves of S. siamea were collected, dried, pulverizes to powder and subjected to pharmacognostic and quantitative phytochemical analysis. The pulverized leaves were cold macerated in methanol for three days with intermittent shaking and exchange of fresh solvent every 24 hours (aliquot extraction). Fractionation was done using n-hexane, ethylacetate and butanol. Chromatographic analysis of the methanol extract and fractions were obtained using standard methods. The methanol extract and fractions where screened for phytochemical constituents and toxicological efects using standard methods. Acute toxicity (LD 50 ) of the extract was determined using Lorke's method. Results: Macroscopic and microscopic examinatios revealed acute apex, pinnate venation and dialytic stomata, trichomes respectively. Phytochemical screening of the extract and fractions revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins etc. Proximate analysis of S. siamea revealed moisture content of 5.50 %, total ash value of 15.00 %, water- soluble ash of 2.00 % etc. The LD 50 was found to be > 5000 mg/kg. An increase in ALT, AST, and ALP when metanol extract and fractions were administered were not statistically diferent from the control group, indicating no hepatotoxic potential. An increase in PCV, Hb, and RBC when methanol extract and fractions were administered were not statistically diferent from control group. The non-signifcant decrease in the levels of ALP, ALT and AST indicates that the extract has a possible hepatoprotective efect. The non-signifcant decrease in the levels of RBC, Hb and PCV indicates that the extract does not afect the hematopoietic system when administered orally and at the doses used in the study. Conclusions: Specifc standards obtained from the study may be compiled into a monograph of S.siemea plant that may constitute in the herbal pharmacopeia. Keywords: Pharmacognostic standardization, Senna Siamea leaf, Toxicological efect. How to cite this article: Surname Initials. Article title. Int. J. Pharm. Edu. Res. 2021;3(1):25-36. Source of support: Nil Confict of interest: None INTRODUCTION Standardization of Herbal Medicine Standardization of drugs is the process of establishing or prescribing a set of peculiar identities, specific characteristics which are generally unique and of ushered qualities. Pharmacognostic standardization of a drug is a process involving a series of a laboratory experiment which reveal and assemble a set of inherent peculiar characteristics such as, constant parameter, defnite qualitative and quantitative values or specifc and unique features on the bases of which similar herbal medicine, claimed to be the same can be compared for the purpose of authenticity, efcacy, purity, reproducibility and overall quality assurance. Uniformity of quality is promoted by the use of standards which are numerical qualities by which the quality of commodities may be assessed (Inya-Agha, 2006). Specific standards obtained through experimentation may be compiled into a monograph of the particular medicinal plant. A monograph of selected of a medicinal plant can be assembled together to constitute a herbal pharmacopeia. Herbal pharmacopeia carries an assurance of data for monitoring safety, efficacy, and reproducibility. The pharmacopeia essentially provides a parameter for any national drug regulatory requirements or dossiers (Inya – Agha, 2006). Analytical Thin-layer Chromatography (TLC): Analytical Thin- Layer Chromatography (TLC) is best on the quantitative RESEARCH ARTICLE 10.37021/ijper.v3i1.5