120
URL: www.onlinesciencepublishing.com | November, 2022
Leadership Levels and Personality Traits of
Female Managers in Select Industries in the
Philippines
International Journal of Economics,
Business and Management Studies
Vol. 9, No. 2, 120-134, 2022
e-ISSN: 2226-4809/p-ISSN: 2304-6945
(۞ Corresponding Author)
Alvin B. Barcelona
1۞
Diana Ruby S. Gopez
2
Trisha Ann S. Mariano
3
Julio Jose M. Pedreña
4
Jeanne Lou M. Santiago
5
1
UST Angelicum College, Philippines.
1
Email: alvin.barcelona@ustangelicum.edu.ph
2,3,4,5
Senior High School Department, UST Angelicum College, Philippines.
2
Email: dianegopez13@gmail.com
3
Email: trishannmariano@gmail.com
4
Email: juliojosepedrena@gmail.com
5
Email: santiagojeannelou@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
There is a paucity of empirical knowledge and a lack of descriptive portrait about women leadership
and their managerial characteristics. The present study attempted to address the literature gap by
investigating the correlation between the leadership levels and personality traits of female managers
in Metro Manila, Philippines. This non-experimental research involved 100 female managers in the
fields of banking, hospitality, and education using purposive sampling technique. The instruments used
in this study were Maxwell’s Five Leadership Levels and Goldberg’s Big-five inventory scale. The
findings of this study reveal that 31% of the respondents are in Level 1 and 27% are in Level 5. Also,
female managers generally have a high level of openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness and a
moderate level of extroversion and neuroticism. Moreover, the five leadership levels are associated
with two out of five personality traits: extroversion (
2
= 19.7, = 0.011) and neuroticism (
2
=
11.1, = 0.018). Further tests show that there are no significant differences in the leadership levels
in terms of the demographic information of the respondents. These results depict that female managers
think in abstract and complex ways, are highly organized and determined, have an inclination to make
interaction with their team members, experience a great deal of empathy, tend to get pleasure from
serving and taking care of their team members, and are relatively prone to negative emotions.
Keywords: Correlational, Female managers, Filipina leaders, Leadership levels, Managers, Personality traits.
JEL Classification: M10.
DOI: 10.55284/ijebms.v9i2.747
Citation | Alvin B. Barcelona; Diana Ruby S. Gopez; Trisha Ann S. Mariano; Julio Jose M. Pedreña; Jeanne Lou M. Santiago (2022).
Leadership Levels and Personality Traits of Female Managers in Select Industries in the Philippines. International Journal of Economics,
Business and Management Studies, 9(2): 120-134.
Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Funding: This study received no specific financial support.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
History: Received: 22 August 2022/ Revised: 10 October 2022/ Accepted: 24 October 2022/ Published: 10 November 2022
Publisher: Online Science Publishing