Simhanika ‘lion’ in combat with singhi kundan ‘unicorn’, Apadana, Persepolis -- ‘unicorn’ is signifier of artificer who enchases gems in ornament gold, i.e. 22-carat gold -- simha ‘lion’ rebus: simhanika artificer who creates ‘ manufacures of rice, oils etc.’ -- Apadana, Persepolis sculptural frieze exemplifies the wealth of manufactures juxtaposed to enchased gems in ornament gold, incipient evolution of the International Gold Standard 29-04-2023 https://dcpune.academia.edu/SrinivasanKalyanaraman/Papers kalyan97@gmail.com 1 King of Lydia Cyrus – Darios I. Circa 545-520 BC. AV Stater (16mm, 8.06 g). Sardes mint. Confronted foreparts of lion and bull / Two incuse square punches of unequal size. Traité I –; SNG Kayhan 1023; SNG von Aulock 8211; SNG Copenhagen Supp. 362.