International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 66– No.3, March 2013 13 Techniques of Power Optimization for Wireless Sensor Network Mukul Pratap Singh (M.Tech-CSE) Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University, Noida (UP) Kunal Gupta (Asst. Professor) Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University, Noida (UP) ABSTRACT Wireless Sensor Networks is one of the hottest topic and growing area now days. WSN have become popular due to its wide range applications. There are lots of problems in Wireless sensor networks related to Power, Cost, and Bandwidth etc. Power optimization is the main constraint in WSN and this limitation with a typical deployment of huge figure of nodes has added challenges to the design and management of WSN. They are typically used for remote environment monitoring in areas where providing electrical power is difficult. Therefore, the devices need to be powered by batteries and alternative energy sources. The energy of battery is limited in Wireless sensor Networks. In WSN, limited transmission range, processing and storage capability as well as power resources are limited of sensor node. In this work, present a survey of new power saving and power optimization techniques for wireless sensor networks, which gives better result and increase the performance of WSN application areas. General Terms Power Consumption Keywords WSN (wireless senor network), Power consumption, Authentication Scheme, nACO, Data mining. 1. INTRODUCTION At first Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) was developed for military applications [1], In WSN, sensors are very powerful, smaller and less expensive, therefor, its use expanded in civilian applications. The sensors used in WSN are advantageous in friendly as well as in harsh conditions without any power and communication lines to periodically sense and transmit data to the sink, hence it is widely used. In present-time, a wide range of civilian applications such as habitat, environment and health monitoring [2] have been deployed. Currently the issue of power consumption is very important in sensor development. Transceiver is an important constituent of sensor node that operates at a specific frequency for data communication which is sensitive to several environmental conditions. As it has already mentioned that sensor nodes which are used in WSNs are usually battery powered but nodes are typically unattended because of their deployment in hazardous, hostile or remote environments. While in the designing of electronic transceiver circuits and in network protocols number of powers saving technique should be used. In reducing the power consumption the first step that should be used is a sound electronic design and selecting the right components and applying appropriate design techniques to each case. One of the major causes of energy loss in the WSN node is the idle mode consumption, when the node is not transmitting/receiving any information but listening and waiting for information from other nodes. Another reason of energy loss is due to packet collision, because all packets which are involved in collision are discarded and must be sent again. Reception of packets that are not addressed to the node and transmission & retransmission of control packets are some other causes of power wastage. The main objective of this paper is to present a survey of the different power saving and energy optimization techniques for WSNs, so tackling this issue from several perspectives in order to provide a whole view in this matter. The paper is organized as follows, Section I: introduce the wireless sensor networks and application, Section II: deals with the architectural issues in wireless sensor network. Section III: The description of the typical hardware architecture that can be seen in any sensor node and the power constraints in wireless sensor network are show in section IV. Section V describes the some new power optimization techniques for wireless sensor networks, which helps for flexible network structure. Section VI is shows the performance comparison of power saving. 2. ARCHITECTURAL ISSUES IN WSN 2.1 Implications on WSN 1. Network Dynamics: Sensor network has three main components i.e. sensor nodes, sink and monitored events. The main and an important issue in WSN design is the implication of mobility of sink nodes. Routing has its importance in routing messages from or to moving nodes and is even challenging as route stability is an important optimization factor, and even energy, bandwidth etc. 2. Node Deployment: Topological deployment of nodes is also an important consideration. It is application dependent as it makes an impression the performance of the routing protocol. The deployment is deterministic or self-organizing. 3. Energy Considerations: As the transmission power of a wireless radio is proportional to distance squared, multi hop routing; it will consume not more energy than direct communication. At the creation of infrastructure, the setting of routes is influenced by energy. 4. Node Capabilities: In a WSN, different functionalities are associated with the sensor nodes. Let’s assume that All sensor nodes are be uniformed, have similar capacity in communication, power and computation. But a node can be specified to a particular function such as sensing, aggregation and relaying, relying on the application, as when a node is assigned these three functionalities at a same time the energy of that particular node may be quickly drained out. Multiple technical problems arise related to data routing when heterogeneous set of sensors are involved. Because the results coming out due to these sensors could be at different rates, following multiple data delivery models and subjecting to diverse quality of service constraints. Hence data routing becomes more daring as well as challenging in heterogeneous environment.