Proceedings of ICONE19
19th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering
May 16-19, 2011, Chiba, Japan
1
Copyright © 2011 by JSME
ICONE19-43644
TEMPERATURE PROFILES OF A VERTICAL BARE 7-ELEMENT BUNDLE
COOLED WITH SUPERCRITICAL FREON-12
G. Richards
University of Ontario Institute of
Technology
2000 Simcoe St. Oshawa
Ontario, Canada
Email: Graham.Richards@uoit.ca
A.S. Shelegov
Obninsk State Technical
University (IATE)
Obninsk, Russia
P.L. Kirillov
Institute of Physics and
Power Engineering,
Obninsk, Russia
I.L.Pioro
University of Ontario Institute of Technology
2000 Simcoe St. Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
Phone : 905.721.8668
Email: Igor.Pioro@uoit.ca
G. Harvel
University of Ontario Institute of Technology
2000 Simcoe St. Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
Phone : 905.721.8668
Email: Glenn.Harvel@uoit.ca
Keywords: Heat Transfer, Fluid Properties, Supercritical Pressures, Freon-12, Temperature Profiles
ABSTRACT
Experimental data on SuperCritical-Water (SCW) cooled
bundles are very limited. Major problems with performing
such experiments are: 1) small number of operating SCW
experimental setups and 2) difficulties in testing and
experimental costs at very high pressures, temperatures and
heat fluxes. However, SuperCritical Water-cooled nuclear
Reactors (SCWRs) cannot be designed without such data.
Therefore, as a preliminary approach experiments in SCW-
cooled bare tubes and in bundles cooled with SC modeling
fluids can be used. One of the SC modeling fluids typically
used is Freon-12 (R-12) where the critical pressure is 4.136
MPa and the critical temperature is 111.97ºC. These
conditions correspond to a critical pressure of 22.064 MPa
and critical temperature of 373.95ºC in water.
A set of experimental data obtained in R-12 cooled
vertical bare bundle at the Institute of Physics and Power
Engineering (IPPE, Obninsk, Russia) was analyzed. This set
consisted of 20 cases of a vertically oriented 7-element
bundle installed in a hexagonal flow channel. Data was
collected at pressures of about 4.65 MPa for several different
combinations of wall and bulk-fluid temperatures that were
below, at, or above the pseudocritical temperature. The
values for mass flow rate ranged from approximately 10 kg/s
to 30 kg/s and inlet temperatures from 72ºC to 120ºC. The
test section consisted of fuel elements that were 9.5 mm in
diameter with the total heated length of 1 m. Bulk-fluid and
wall temperature profiles were recorded using a combination
of 8 different thermocouples.
The data was analyzed with respect to temperature
profiles along the heated length of the test section. In a
previous study [1] it was confirmed that there is the
existence of three distinct regimes for forced convention
with supercritical fluids. (1) Normal heat transfer; (2)
Deteriorated heat transfer, characterized by higher than
expected temperatures; and (3) Enhanced heat transfer,
characterized by lower than expected temperatures. These
regions were observed for the 7 rod bundle experiments.
This work compares the wall and bulk fluid temperature data
of the experiments to predictions based upon current
correlations for heat transfer in super critical fluids where the
1-D correlations are based upon tube data under supercritical
water conditions. The results indicate that the correlations
produce reasonable predictions of the experimental data
considering that three dimensional effects are not included.
1. Introduction
Generation-IV nuclear-reactor technology is increasing
in popularity worldwide. One of the six Generation-IV
reactor options is a SuperCritical Water-cooled nuclear
Reactor (SCWR). The main objective of SCWRs is
increasing thermal efficiency of SCW Nuclear Power Plants
(NNPs). This reactor type is being developed based on
concepts of Light Water Reactors (LWRs), direct-cycle
Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) and supercritical fossil-
fuel-fired thermal power plants, especially, their
supercritical-pressure turbines’ technology. SCWRs are
similar to LWRs, but operate at a significantly higher
pressure and temperature. [2]
As an alternative to using SuperCritical Water (SCW) as
a nuclear-reactor coolant, modeling fluids, for example, such
as Freon-12, can be tested as a preliminary approach. The
critical parameters of Freon-12 are the following: pressure of
4.1361 MPa and temperature of 111.97ºC, which are
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