ABSTRACT The Human monkeypox is a viral zoonosis which was first reported as a human disease in Zaire (present day Democratic Republic of Congo) in 1970. Outbreaks of the disease have occurred, though rarely, in some West African countries including Nigeria since then. However, in 2017 there was a large outbreak in Nigeria affecting many states. We wish to report the cases that were identified and managed successfully in Makurdi, Benue state because of their unique presentation as all but one of the patients had HIV coinfection which possibly was a risk factor for the monkeypox viral infection. Keywords: HIV, Monkeypox, Outbreak . . J Biomed Res. Clin Pract | Vol 3 | No 2 | 2020 http://jbrcp.net JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE Human Monkeypox and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-infection: A Case Series in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria Case Series 1* 2 3 4 Echekwube PO , Mbaave TP , Abidakun OA , Utoo BT , 5 Swende TZ . 1,2,3 Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi. 4,5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi. 2018 Journal Impact Factor: 1.10 Print ISSN: | Online ISSN: 2636-7378 2651-5865 Article information Date Submitted: 17/02/2020. Date Accepted: 1/6/2020 Date Published: Ju e, 2020 n *Correspondence Patrick O Echekwube : : https://doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.184 | pg. 375 pechekwube@gmail.com INTRODUCTION he Human monkeypox is a zoonotic disease which is Tcaused by the Monkey Pox Virus (MPXV), a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus (family Poxviridae, subfamily 1 Chordopoxvirinae). Human monkeypox is clinically almost identical to ordinary smallpox, and therefore, since the global eradication of smallpox in 1977, much attention has been paid to monkeypox as a smallpox-like disease 1 and possible agent of bioterrorism. Monkeypox was first reported as a human disease in a 9 month old child from Zaire (the present Democratic Republic of Congo) in 1970 and most of the information in literature about human monkeypox came from the 2 investigations of outbreaks in central and western Africa. The transmission of MPXV could either be animal-to- human, human-to-human. or from materials contaminated 1,3 with the virus such as clothing or linens. The virus enters the body through broken skin or the mucous membranes. Animal-to-human transmission may occur by animal bite or scratch, bush meat preparation, direct contact with body fluids or lesion material, or indirect contact with lesion material. Human-to-human transmission is thought to occur primarily through large respiratory droplets. The respiratory droplets generally cannot travel more than a few feet, so prolonged face-to-face contact is required. Other human-to-human methods of transmission include 4 direct contact with body fluids or lesion material. For Reprint Contact: jbrcp.net@gmail.com editor@jbrcp.net or