Journal of Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development (RESD) June 2015 - ISSN 2356-8569
167
RESD © 2015
http://apc.aast.edu
A Sustainability Assessment Framework for Waterfront
Communities Increasing the Resilience of the Abu Qir
Waterfront Community in Alexandria
Sally El.Deeb
1
, Rania AbelGalil
1
, Alaa Sarhan
1
1
Architectural Engineering and Environmental Design Department,
Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport,
AbuQir campus, Alexandria, Egypt.
Abstract - It is predicted that the global phenomena
of Climate change will have far reaching effects and
implications on different local urban systems. For
incidence, global average sea levels are expected to
rise between 7 and 36 cm by the 2050s, and between
9 and 69 cm by the 2080s. Waterfront communities
are the first to be affected by such impacts, putting
them at high risk. Planning strategies are needed to
assist these communities and increase their adaptive
and learning capacities in the face of diverse
challenges to their urban sub-systems.
The research investigates a number of sustainability
frameworks and assessment rating systems for
neighbourhoods and communities. It investigates the
sustainable evaluation criteria carried out by three
assessment rating systems. First is the LEED
(Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design, USA),
the second is the BREEAM (Building Research
Establishment Environmental Assessment Method,
UK), and the third is the Estidama PEARL rating
system (UAE).Examples of waterfront communities
which applied the previous rating systems are
analysed in order to determine the applicability and
relevance of these systems to waterfront communities
in particular.
The research concludes with a proposed framework of
indicators for waterfront communities. The similarities
and differences between the three rating systems and
featured indicators specific to waterfront planning
applied in the analysed examples; yet absent in the
three rating systems, have informed the selection of
indicators in the proposed assessment framework.
The proposed framework could be an effective tool for
the planning and development of à waterfront
community in the MENA (the port region). In order to
validate the framework, the set of environmental and
physical indicators were applied on the case study of
Abu Qir waterfront, Alexandria, Egypt. Conclusions
and recommendations are made that would enhance
the resilience of this waterfront community and
provide a comprehensive tool for its sustainable
planning.
Keywords - waterfront communities, sustainability,
rating systems, assessment framework.
I. INTRODUCTION
Waterfront regeneration is becoming one of the most
celebrated practices of urban renewal in
contemporary cities of the North. At the same time,
developing regions have suffered prolonged
inattention which lead to a gap between both
(Giovinazzi & Moretti, 2010). Urban waterfronts
throughout the world suffered a series of deteriorating
conditions related to environmental, social and
economic issues.
Some of these issues include changing land uses,
large areas of derelict land, lack of services and
affordable housing for communities, contaminated air,
water and soil, lack of connectivity and inefficient
transport. With increased awareness of impacts of
climate change, cities are facing big challenges with
environmental conditions accomanied by pressures
that threaten urban systems to accommodate rapid
growth and development. Planning for long term
growth and increasing the resilience of urban areas in
such a manner that addresses the number of crucial
economic, environmental and social conditions is an
important quest, more particularly for developing
countries with surging population.
This paper addresses this quest through providing a
framework of indicators to assess the environmental
and physical aspects of water front communities. The
paper is divided into six sections, following the
introduction. The second section explores principles
agreed upon for the sustainability of waterfronts. The
third section analyses the three rating systems