Aquaculture Nutriton 2017; 1–8 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/anu
|
1 © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Received: 21 December 2015
|
Accepted: 8 July 2016
DOI: 10.1111/anu.12483
Abstract
Common carp, Cyprinus carpio (13.54 ± 0.48 g), were fed soybean lecithin-incorporated
diets for 8 weeks. Afer the feeding trials, the diferent groups of fshes were assessed
by survival, growth parameters, digestve enzymes, antoxidant enzyme actvites,
mucosal immune parameters, etc. The lecithin-incorporated diets (10–30 g kg
–1
)
helped to increase the weight gain signifcantly (p < .05) compared with control groups;
actvity of digestve enzymes was also signifcantly (p < .05) higher compared with
experimental groups. The antoxidant enzymes including catalase and serum superox-
ide dismutase were signifcantly (p < .05) higher in the C. carpio fed lecithin-incorporated
feed than the ones fed the control feed. The serum thiobarbituric acid-reactve sub-
stances and serum glutathione peroxidase actvity did not difer signifcantly (p > .05)
between control and experimental groups. The positve correlaton supported that
antbacterial actvity was signifcantly (p < .05) increased with increasing concentraton
of lecithin in the diets. Among the diferent mucosal immune parameters, lysozyme,
protease and esterase actvites were signifcantly (p < .05) increased with lecithin-
incorporated diets. The results of this study confrm that 20 and 30 g kg
–1
lecithin
inclusion in diets helped to enhance the actvites of digestve enzymes, antoxidant
enzymes, antbacterial factors and mucosal immune parameters in C. carpio.
KEYWORDS
antoxidants, Cyprinus carpio, digestve enzymes, mucosal immune responses, soybean lecithin
1
Department of Aquatc Animal Health and
Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Science Research
Insttute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research
Educaton and Extension Organizaton
(AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Fisheries, Caspian Sea
Ecology Research Center, Farah-Abad, Sari,
Iran
3
Department of Fisheries, Bandar Abbas
Branch, Islamic Azad University of Natural
Resources, Bandar Abbas, Iran
4
Centre for Marine Science and
Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar
University, Rajakkamangalam, Kanyakumari,
Tamil Nadu, India
Correspondence
Thavasimuthu Citarasu, Centre for Marine
Science and Technology, Manonmaniam
Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam,
Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email: citarasu@gmail.com
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Efect of dietary soybean lecithin on growth parameters,
digestve enzyme actvity, antoxidatve status and mucosal
immune responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
M. Adel
1
| M. Gholaghaie
2,3
| P. Khanjany
3
| T. Citarasu
4
1 | INTRODUCTION
Common carp, Cyprinus carpio, is an important cultvable commer-
cial freshwater fsh throughout the world (Eddy & Underhill, 1974).
Annual world producton of carp species is around 3,000,000 tons and
European producton 1,45,000 tons (FAO 2012). Carps represent the
largest group of cultured fsh consttutng around 70% of freshwater
aquaculture producton (Jan Mráz, 2011). Of the total world carp pro-
ducton, 95% was cultured from Asia in 2001. In this region, there are
more than 20 main natve carp species, contributng about 80% of the
total freshwater fsh producton (Dey et al., 2001). Carp culture might
be capable of becoming net producer of highly unsaturated faty acids
EPA and DHA by selectng fsh with high enzyme actvites in faty acid
elongaton and desaturaton. It was reported that carps, in contrast to
marine fsh, are be able to bioconvert ALA to EPA and DHA (Zheng
et al., 2004).
Feed of plant origin has big potental for wide applicaton in
fsh feed industry, and they are a cheaper source of high-quality
proteins compared with proteins from animal sources (Francis,
Makkar, & Becker, 2001). Soy meal is the most important feed
ingredient of plant origin in the fsh feed industry. It is a source
of biologically valuable proteins that are very similar in the struc-
ture of amino acids to proteins of animal origin (Watanabe, 2002).
Fish require relatvely high levels of crude protein in their diets as