Acta Hortic. 1248. ISHS 2019. DOI 10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1248.3 Proc. XII International Conference on Grapevine Breeding and Genetics Eds.: S. Delrot et al. 15 Synonyms and homonyms in Herzegovinian and Dalmatian grapevine cultivars A. Mandić 1,a , M. Žulj Mihaljević 2 , M. Leko 3 , J. Primorac 1 and J. Beljo 1 1 Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology , University of Mostar, Biskupa Cule bb, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 3 Federal Agro-Mediterranean Institute, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Abstract Today’s grapevine assortment in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the result of several evolutionary, agroecological and historical factors. One of them is the proximity of Dalmatia as a wine-growing area, from which some cultivars were transferred and adapted to the breeding conditions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Over the course of time, cultivars migrated from one area to another. As a result, some cultivars retained the same name in both production areas, while others were given another name. Within the program of collection and maintenance of autochthonous grape cultivars in Bosnia and Herzegovina, more than 35 genotypes were collected. For reliable grapevine germplasm characterization and identification, genetic analysis of nine standard microsatellite loci was performed. Based on the microsatellite profiles obtained, cluster analysis was carried out and mutual relations were represented by a UPGMA dendrogram. Several synonyms and homonyms have been identified among the analyzed genotypes. Comparison of genetic profiles from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia also identified synonyms and homonyms within these two groups, and confirmed strong connections with the Dalmatian wine-growing region. Keywords: grapevine, synonyms, homonymy, microsatellites, Bosnia and Herzegovina INTRODUCTION Although the Herzegovinian wine-growing area is relatively small and has similar growing conditions throughout the area, it is still planted with a large number of cultivars, both wine and table grapes and white and red grapes. Since the grapevine has been cultivated in Herzegovina for more than 2000 years, numerous local cultivars are preserved, so that today we have a large number of cultivars that originated in Herzegovina or have been introduced and adapted to Herzegovinian environmental conditions. A small number of them, including ‘Žilavka’, ‘Krkošija’, ‘Bena’ and ‘Dobrogostina’ for white cultivars and ‘Blatina’ and ‘Trnjak’ for red cultivars, have greater economic significance. At present, other cultivars have little or almost no economic significance, and many of them can be found only as single trees in old vineyards or on trellis. However, some of these cultivars could be used as table grape cultivars, or, in combination with other cultivars, in breeding programs for the development of new cultivars. The grapevine cultivars now present in Herzegovina result from numerous evolutionary, agroecological and historical factors, the most important being: • the appearance of autochthonous cultivars over a long period of adaptation to climate conditions, • the proximity of Dalmatia as a wine-growing area, from where some cultivars were transferred and adapted to the cultivation conditions of Herzegovina, • introduction of foreign cultivars during the period from Ottoman rule to the present day; some of them have adapted to Herzegovinian conditions, with probable changes in their properties, a E-mail: ana.mandic@aptf.sum.ba