Research Article
Internet of Things Enabled Intelligent Automation for Smart
Home with the Integration of PSO Algorithm and PID Controller
Rajesh Singh ,
1,2
Anita Gehlot ,
1,2
Piyush Kuchhal ,
3
Sushabhan Choudhury ,
3
Shaik Vaseem Akram ,
1,4
Neeraj Priyadarshi ,
5
and Baseem Khan
2,6
1
Department of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
2
Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche, CP 24560, Mexico
3
University of Petroleum and nergy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
4
Law College Dehradun, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
5
Department of lectrical ngineering, JIS College of ngineering, Kolkata 741235, India
6
Department of lectrical and Computer ngineering, Hawassa University, Hawassa, thiopia
Correspondence should be addressed to Baseem Khan; baseem.khan04@ieee.org
Received 12 May 2022; Revised 15 February 2023; Accepted 25 February 2023; Published 28 March 2023
Academic Editor: Mohamed Louzazni
Copyright © 2023 Rajesh Singh et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Currently, due to the widespread population growth, there is a widespread concern about an electricity shortage. As a result, smart
devices have evolved and gained signifcant attention to reduce power consumption in home appliances due to electricity
shortages. However, it lacks a universal remote control that can control home appliances based on environmental conditions. To
overcome these challenges, this study proposed a hardware•based remote•control system that operates both in autonomous and
semiautonomous modes to control home appliances based on environmental conditions. In the autonomous mode, the receiver
section regulates the parameters under ambient conditions by varying the appliance’s applied voltage levels via a dimmer. Te
parameters in semiautonomous are monitored by the user via various levels of remote control. A 2.4 GHz RF modem is used to
establish wireless personal network (WPAN) communication between the remote and the receiver. In addition, a Wi•Fi modem is
built into the receiver to enable internet•based mobile applications to operate appliances. During the MATLAB analysis,
a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller with a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method was found as a superior
approach to control the home appliance with adequate environmental conditions. It is concluded from the MATLAB study that
the PSO•PID controller delivered an energy saving of 14.88% for the heater, 36.9% for the exhaust fan, and 37.49% for the light
bulb compared to the conventional appliances.
1. Introduction
At present, India is one of the top three countries in terms of
energy generation, with 1,547Terawatt•hour (TWh) and
1,309TWh consumption, respectively [1, 2]. Over the last
decade, electricity consumption has increased by 73% due to
the rapid population growth and it led to the power shortage
faced by India, i.e., 70,000Mega Watt (MW) [3]. Te
challenge of power shortages can be handled in two ways as
follows: the frst is to employ more traditional renewable
energy sources to generate more electricity [4] and the
second is to optimize the use of available electricity by smart
appliances [5]. Technological advancements have empow•
ered the development of smart devices not only to minimize
power usage but also energy waste. Integrating smart devices
into the home environment [6] led to the evolution of smart
home automation in which devices are automatically con•
trolled. et, there is a lack of common protocol to control
multiple devices through a single controller with reliability
and fexibility in home automation [2]. A home is similar to
a system with several physical parameters that depend on
each other and the environment. It is observed as a sub•
system that exhibits linear or nonlinear dynamic behaviors
[7]. Te complexity of the control operation increases as
Hindawi
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Volume 2023, Article ID 9611321, 25 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9611321