Open Access Research Article Roy and Dey, J Pharmacogn Nat Prod 2016, 2:4 DOI: 10.4172/2472-0992.1000126 Journal of Pharmacognosy & Natural Products J o u r n a l o f P h a r m a c o g n o s y & N a t u r a l P r o d u c t s ISSN: 2472-0992 J Pharmacogn Nat Prod, an open access journal ISSN: 2472-0992 Volume 2 • Issue 4 • 1000126 Abstract Lysimachia ramosa is a traditional medicinal plant, consumed by different tribes of northeast India to cure intestinal helminth infections. In order to measure the toxic effects of the plant on its consumer, if any, the present in vivo study was carried out on mice using sub-lethal doses of crude ethanol extract viz. 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. Surface topographical and ultrastructural observations on liver, kidney and intestine of treated mice revealed marked deformation and destruction accompanied by quantitative changes in liver and kidney markers like aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and creatinine in comparison to the control mice. The results showed that consumption of crude plant extract at a dose 100 mg and above per kg body weight continuously for long time may cause toxic effects to its consumer. Cytotoxic Effects of Lysimachia ramosa Wall. Ex Duby (Primulaceae) on Swiss Albino Mice Bishnupada Roy* and Paulomi Dey Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India Keywords: Lysimachia ramosa; Albino mice; Toxicity; Green medicine; Phytoproducts Introduction Te concept of “Green medicine” is based on the fact that phytoproducts are believed to be safe, easily available, cheap and more dependable compared to the highly expensive synthetic drugs, most of which have undesired efects on its consumers [1]. However, many herbal medicines could be potentially injurious to human health, because large numbers of these products exert toxic efects on haematological parameters, liver, kidney, heart, brain, intestine and reproductive tissues of its consumers [2-4]. In spite of undesired side efects of traditional treatment using natural products, demands for plant products are gradually increasing both in developing and developed countries for treatment of diferent diseases or as food supplements [5]. Phyto-products related market in a developing country like India is expanding at a rate of 20% per year, where 50% of total foras are known to have medicinal potential and about 70% population consume traditional medicinal plants to cure diferent diseases [6-8]. Lysimachia ramosa Wall. Ex Duby belong to the family Primulaceae is a shrub bearing yellow fower, grow in damp condition. Aqueous extract of its leaves are widely used by diferent tribes in northeast India to cure intestinal helminthic infection. Preliminary investigation carried out on diferent helminthic parasites revealed that alcoholic crude extract of the plant indeed have anthelmintic properties, as it paralyses and kills trematode, cestode and nematode within 2.22, 4.51 and 26.45 h respectively, when exposed to 50 mg of the crude plant extract per ml of phosphate bufer saline [9]. Tus, the result obtained through the in vitro experiments clearly indicates that the crude alcoholic extract of L. ramosa justifes its use in traditional healing system. However, no literature is available about the extent of toxic efect of the plant, if any on its consumer. Terefore, an in vivo experiment was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic efect of the plant in Swiss albino mice taking blood, intestine, liver and kidney as target tissues. Materials and Methods Chemicals All the chemicals and reagents used were obtained from Himedia, India (L-aspartic acid, Alanine, α-ketoglutarate, 2,4 *Corresponding author: Bishnupada Roy, Department of Zoology, North- Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793 022, India, Tel: 00913642722331; E-mail: bishnuroy12@rediffmail.com Received November 01, 2016; Accepted November 25, 2016; Published November 29, 2016 Citation: Roy B, Dey P (2016) Cytotoxic Effects of Lysimachia ramosa Wall. Ex Duby (Primulaceae) on Swiss Albino Mice. J Pharmacogn Nat Prod 2: 126. doi: 10.4172/2472-0992.1000126 Copyright: © 2016 Roy B, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. dinitrophenylhydrazine, Pyruvate, Sodium hydroxide, Potassium chloride, Sodium chloride, Di-sodium hydrogen phosphate, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Picric acid, EDTA disodium salt, Creatinine), Jebsen & Jessen GnbH & Co., Germany (Ethanol, Dimethyl sulphoxide) and SRL, India (Chloroform). Preparation of plant extract Plants (Lysimachia ramosa) were procured from diferent parts of Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya, India. Leaves were separated from the stem, thoroughly washed with deionized water and dried in shade. Te dried leaves were crushed into fne powder with the help of electric grinder and then refuxed with ethanol (100 g/l) for 6 h at 60 o C. Te solution obtained was fltered through Whatman flter paper (No. 1) and then evaporated to complete dryness at 50 o C. Te crude extract was obtained as powder material, which was kept at 4 o C until further use. 2 h prior to experiment, diferent concentrations of the extract viz. 100 mg and 200 mg/kg body weight were prepared by dissolving the extract in 0.9% Phosphate Bufer Saline (PBS, pH 7-7.3) having 0.1% Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). In traditional use, diferent tribes consume 50-75 mg/kg body weight, twice a day, continuously for 15 days. Animals and treatment Experiment on animals was performed in accordance with the Animal Ethics Committee’s guidelines for laboratory animal use and care. A total of 18 adult Swiss albino mice weighing between 22-28 g were purchased from Pasture Institute, Shillong, India. Tey were kept in metal cages in the animal house having uniform temperature of 25 o C with 12 h light and 12 h dark periodicity. Te animals were fed up with standard feed and water ad libitum. All the mice were acclimatized for