Vol 14, Issue 12, 2021
Online - 2455-3891
Print - 0974-2441
STUDY OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF STINGLESS BEE PROPOLIS
AGAINTS TOXICITY OF DRUGS
1
Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agric. Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia.
2
Department of Community
Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Indonesia.
3
National Institute of Health Research and Development, Indonesian
Ministry of Health Indonesia. Email: mahani2018@unpad.ac.id
Received: 23 September 2021, Revised and Accepted: 10 November 2021
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of stingless bee propolis supplementation as a hepatoprotector on the prevention of Drug-
induced liver injury (DILI) and the effect of healing and restoring nutrition for DILI patients due to drug induction.
Methods: The literature review starts from problem identification, library data collection, reading, taking notes, analyzing, and processing the data
obtained and then compiling it into a systematic review.
Results: The results of a literature study conducted show that propolis has a good hepatoprotective ability against drugs that cause DILI cases
such as the anti-tuberculosis, antibiotic, and antipyretic groups as indicated by the serum glutamic pyruvic transferase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic
transferase, total bilirubin, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase values that are close to normal values. In addition, propolis supplementation can
accelerate the healing and restoration of the nutritional status of DILI patients. All active compounds contained in propolis such as phytochemicals
and lipopolysaccharides work to protect the liver from the toxic effects of DILI through antioxidant mechanisms.
Conclusion: Overall, the data from this literature study show that the hepatoprotective activity of propolis has the potential to complement drug
therapy to reduce hepatotoxic effects and can conclusively beneficial to accelerate the restoration of nutritional status for DILI patients.
Keywords: Antioxidant, Drug-induced liver injury, Hepatotoxic Hepatoprotective, Propolis.
INTRODUCTION
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a diagnosis in patients who have
liver damage caused by consuming drugs that are liver damage or
hepatotoxic [1]. DILI can be caused by drugs that are hepatotoxic
including anti-tubercular drugs (Rifampicin, Isoniazid, and
Pyrazinamide) [2-4], nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibufenac,
Acetaminophen) [5], anti-retroviral drugs (Ritonavir and Indinavir) [6],
anti-hyperlipidemic drugs (Statins, Atorvastatin) [7,8], anesthetic
agents (CCl4, Chloroform) [9], and antibiotics (tetracycline and
monocycline) [10].
The DILI study found that antibiotic, antibacterial, and anti-tuberculosis
drugs were drugs with high hepatotoxic effects compared to other
drugs. Based on the diagnostic criteria for hepatotoxicity and the
population studied, the reported incidence of anti-TB hepatotoxicity
increased from 2% to 28% [11]. The study by the US DILIN cohort
reported 46% cases of anti-TB hepatoxicity [10]. In India, cases of
anti-TB hepatotoxicity were reported in 58% and cases of death due
to hepatotoxicity of anti-TB drugs reached 9.5% [12]. For this reason,
the WHO strongly encourages research with the main aim of finding
new drugs to tackle drugs that are more effective and with the lower
side effects than existing drugs [13]. At present, supplements derived
from natural products, fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices have
many biological properties and have the potential to fight several
diseases [14]. One that is starting to be developed a lot is propolis which
has many pharmacological effects.
Propolis is a resin collected by bees from various plants, which mixes
with saliva and various enzymes to produce a new, different resin.
Propolis has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and other
biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, local anesthetics,
hepatoprotections, anti-tumor, and immunostimulants [15]. Animal
studies have shown that propolis has an antimicrobial effect [16,17],
antiviral [18,19], antifungals [20,21], anti-parasitic [22,23], anti-
inflammatory [22], and anti-tumor [24]. Propolis contains antioxidants
and has anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, bacteriostatic and
bactericidal effects [22,25]. Bhadauria et al. [26] suggested that
propolis has the potential as a hepatoprotector in chronic liver injury
by maintaining its antioxidant activity.
METHODS
The literature review starts from problem identification, library data
collection, reading, taking notes, analyzing, and processing the data
obtained and then compiling it into a systematic review. The method
is generally divided into two stages; The first stage is the stage
related to the data collected, consisting of: Problem identification,
determining library sources based on eligibility criteria and
inclusion or exclusion criteria, data collection, and sorting based on
the suitability of the literature with the topics discussed. The second
stage is processing the data that have passed the sorting, consisting
of: Data analysis and interpretation and confirmation. Data that have
been confirmed will be included in the review, while unconfirmed
data will be re-sorted.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Hepatoprotective activity of propolis
Hepatoprotectors are compounds or substances that can protect cells
as well as repair damaged liver tissue due to toxic substances [27].
Free radical damage in the body can be overcome with antioxidants.
Antioxidant is defined as a substance that can delay, prevent, or eliminate
© 2021 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2021v14i12.43217. Journal homepage: https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr
Research Article
MAHANI
1,2
*, GREGORIUS A O B
1
, ENDAH WULANDARI
1
, AHMAD SULAEMAN
2
, HARDINSYAH
2
,
NUNUNG NURJANAH
3