Review Article
Cross Talk between Proliferative, Angiogenic, and
Cellular Mechanisms Orchestred by HIF-1 in Psoriasis
Azael Torales-Cardeña,
1
Isaí Martínez-Torres,
1
Sandra Rodríguez-Martínez,
1
Fernando Gómez-Chávez,
1
Juan C. Cancino-Díaz,
2
Ernesto A. Vázquez-Sánchez,
1
and Mario E. Cancino-Díaz
1
1
Immunology Department, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute,
Plan de Ayala y Prolongaci´ on de Carpio S/N, Colonia Santo Tom´ as, Miguel Hidalgo, 11340 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
2
Microbiology Department, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute,
Plan de Ayala y Prolongaci´ on de Carpio S/N, Colonia Santo Tom´ as, Miguel Hidalgo, 11340 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Correspondence should be addressed to Mario E. Cancino-D´ ıaz; mecancinod@gmail.com
Received 13 March 2015; Accepted 21 May 2015
Academic Editor: Julio Galvez
Copyright © 2015 Azael Torales-Carde˜ na et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
Psoriasis is a chronic infammatory skin disease where the altered regulation in angiogenesis, infammation, and proliferation of
keratinocytes are the possible causes of the disease, and the transcription factor “hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha” (HIF-1) is
involved in the homeostasis of these three biological phenomena. In this review, the role of HIF-1 in the cross talk between the
cytokines and cells of the immunological system involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis is discussed.
1. The Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic infammatory disease of the skin
with unknown etiology but associated with angiogenesis
and with proliferative and immunological dysfunction, all
manifested in the skin. Global epidemiology has suggested
that the incidence of psoriasis varies according to age
and geographic region; it is estimated that 2-3% of the
world population have psoriasis being more frequent in the
Caucasian population with an incidence of about 100,000
people per year [1, 2]. Tere are several types of psoriasis,
but all are characterized by skin thickening, erythema, and
pustular or squamous plaque formation, but they can also
be associated with comorbidities such as arthritis, diabetes
type II, obesity, and metabolic syndrome [3, 4]. Tis wide
range of psoriasis types indicates that psoriasis is a mul-
tifactorial disease where the hereditary factor is determi-
nant. In fact, the frst psoriasis related locus (PSORS1) was
located in the chromosome 6p21.23 where genes related
to HLA-Cw6 are found. In a meta-analysis done with
10,588 psoriatic patients and 22,806 healthy subjects ana-
lyzed from three genome-wide association studies (GWAS),
thirty-six susceptibility loci were found. Te new identifed
loci included genes whose products are associated with
the innate-immune response as interferon-mediated antivi-
ral responses (DDX58), macrophage activation (ZC3H12C),
nuclear factor NFB signaling (CARD14 and CARM1) and
genes whose products are involved in the regulation of T-cell
function (RUNX3, TAGAP, STAT3, STAT5A, and STAT5B)
[5].
Te skin is an organ that accumulates a high number
of cells of the immunological system; for example, a con-
siderable number of T cells reside in normal human skin
(approximately twice the number of circulating T cells) and
in the epidermis Langerhans cells and CD8
+
T cells are the
most predominant immunological cell types. In the dermis
of both mouse and human, dermal dendritic cells (dDCs),
macrophages, mast cells, conventional T cells, and a small
population of type-3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) producing
IL-17 have been reported. In mice, a particular population of
cells called dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) are located
in the epidermis, and in the dermis the T cells (RORt
+
)
are found (Figure 1, n) [6].
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Mediators of Inflammation
Volume 2015, Article ID 607363, 11 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/607363