Strahlenther Onkol 2012 · 188:472–477
DOI 10.1007/s00066-012-0086-3
Received: 27 October 2011
Accepted: 25 January 2012
Published online: 25 February 2012
© Springer-Verlag 2012
D. Rades
1
· S. Douglas
1
· T. Veninga
2
· A. Bajrovic
3
· L.J.A. Stalpers
4
· P.J. Hoskin
1
·
V. Rudat
6
· S.E. Schild
7
1
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Lubeck, Lubeck
2
Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Bernard Verbeeten Institute Tilburg, Tilburg
3
Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
4
Department of Radiotherapy, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam
5
Department of Clinical Oncology, Mount Vernon Centre for Cancer Treatment, Northwood
6
Department of Radiation Oncology, Saad Specialist Hospital Al-Khobar, Al-Khobar
7
Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, AZ, Scottsdale
Metastatic spinal cord
compression in non-small
cell lung cancer patients
Prognostic factors in a series of 356 patients
Radiotherapy (RT) alone is the most
common treatment for metastatic spi-
nal cord compression (MSCC) [1, 2, 6, 7,
13, 15]. Patients with non-small cell lung
cancer (NSCLC) account for more than
15% of all patients developing MSCC.
NSCLC patients have a more unfavor-
able prognosis than most other patients
with MSCC from other solid tumors [7].
To achieve better personalization of the
treatment of MSCC, it is mandatory to
identify prognostic factors for particular
tumor entities such as NSCLC. Prognos-
tic factors help the physician select the
treatment for the individual patient. In
addition, prognostic factors are impor-
tant for stratification in future trials and
for the development of prognostic scores.
This retrospective international multi-
center study can be considered a follow-
up study of our series of 252 patients with
MSCC from NSCLC published in 2006
[11]. This new study was performed to
identify additional independent prog-
nostic factors for functional outcome and
survival in order to contribute to the per-
sonalization of the treatment of MSCC
from NSCLC and to the development of
scoring systems specifically designed for
these patients.
Patients and methods
The data of 356 patients irradiated for
MSCC from NSCLC between 1992 and
2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Cri-
teria for inclusion in this study were mo-
tor deficits of the lower extremities due
to MSCC of the thoracic or the lumbar
spine, no prior surgery or RT to the in-
volved sites, and confirmation of the di-
agnosis of MSCC by spinal MRI (in the
majority of patients) or spinal CT. The
patients were usually presented to a neu-
rosurgeon before RT to discuss the op-
tion of decompressive surgery. Dexa-
methasone (12–32 mg/day) was admin-
istered from the first day of RT for at
least one week. The data for the analy-
sis were obtained from the patients who
were still alive, from their general practi-
tioners and/or treating oncologists, and
from the patient files. The patient char-
acteristics are summarized in . Tab. 1.
Each series of the contributing cen-
ters represented an unselected group of
MSCC patients treated within a specific
time period. Irradiation was performed
with 6–10 MV photons. Treatment vol-
umes encompassed one normal verte-
bra above and below the metastatic le-
sions. Motor function and ambulatory
status were evaluated before RT, and at
1 month, 3 months, and 6 months fol-
lowing RT. Motor function was evalu-
ated with a 5-point scale: grade 0: nor-
mal strength; grade 1: ambulatory with-
out aid, grade 2: ambulatory with aid,
grade 3: not ambulatory, grade 4: para-
plegia [14]. Improvement or deteriora-
tion of motor function was defined as a
change of at least one point.
The following ten potential prognos-
tic factors were investigated with respect
to post-RT motor function and surviv-
al: age (65 vs. ≥ 65 years; median age
64 years), gender, ECOG performance
score (ECOG-PS 1–2 vs. 3–4; cut-off ac-
cording to the previous study of MSCC
[11]), number of involved vertebra (1–
2 vs. ≥ 3; cut-off according to the previ-
ous study of MSCC [11]), pre-RT ambu-
latory status (not ambulatory vs. ambula-
tory), other bone metastases at the time
of RT (no vs. yes), visceral metastases at
the time of RT (no vs. yes), interval from
Original article
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Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 6 · 2012