Vol 14, Issue 11, 2021 Online - 2455-3891 Print - 0974-2441 ORAL DELIVERY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES – A REVIEW VEDAMURTHY JOSHI 1 *, FIRDOS SULTHANA 1 , DINESHA RAMADAS 2 Javarana Hally, Karnataka, India. Email: vedamurthyjoshi@gmail.com Received: 10 August 2021, Revised and Accepted: 24 September 2021 ABSTRACT Silver nanoparticles (NP) offer many applications in the science and technology. Oral delivery of such tiny particles results in enhanced drug absorption, reduction in dose, and minimize adverse effects. This review focuses on the mainly on the effects in the gastrointestinal tract along with its in vitro and in vivo studies carried on the silver NP. In this review, we compiled some of the extensive research in the field of silver NP, highlighting some of the most recent trends in the area. Search was carried in English language using Science direct, PubMed, and Google scholar search engines. The effects of silver NP on gastrointestinal tract such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination were compiled in this review. In addition, selected in vitro and in vivo studies related to the same are discussed. The accumulation of silver NP leading to Arginia condition also emphasized in the study. Silver NP and herbal silver NP in oral delivery can be exploited for the further safer and effective treatment. Keywords: Nanoparticles, Herbs, Silver, Gastrointestine, Drug absorption, Arginia. INTRODUCTION Oral drug administration has got several benefits over other routes of administration. This route is non-invasive, safer, comfortable, do not require skilled person to administer, dose adjustment can be tailor made to suit individual patient and hence it is most patient compliant. Despite of these facts, oral drug delivery posses’ big challenges to gain efficient therapeutic results, this is due to the multitude of biological barriers that are present at some point of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that a drug carrier ought to navigate through [1]. Some of enzymes present in drug delivery biological path inside the stomach having strong acidic pH environment, which degrade the capsules to useless, and results in the inefficient penetration of medication across GI tissue obstacles, into systemic move, the eventual clearance of medication through the GI tract, which can also occur prior to drug release [2]. To overcome these barriers, the delivered dosage of medication is often more than required therapeutically. However, it is far vital that the drug concentration need not exceed the level that could motive toxicity within the body, as has been observed with a few DNA and protein based totally drugs above critical concentrations. On the other hand, if a drug at a non-toxic awareness level passes the physiological barriers of the GI tract, its delivered dosage may not be effective [3]. NANO PARTICLES (NP) NP are known as colloidal system made from solid polymers that may be classified with their length and practice processes. They are smaller than 1 μm (submicronic particles) and the objects ranging in length ranging 1–100 nm, that due to their size may additionally fluctuate from the bulk material [4]. Nanosized inorganic particles are of both easy or complicated nature, show particular physical and chemical properties [5]. NPs have drawn increasing interest from each department of medication for their capacity to supply drugs in the ultimate dosage range regularly resulting in multiplied healing performance of the pills, weakened side outcomes, and improved patient compliance [6]. NP have a large surface location to volume ratio, which allows them to soak up excessive portions of drugs and to be unfold without problems at some stage in the bloodstream [7]. Nanotechnology is anticipated to have an impact on medication. The utility of the technology used for analysis, treatment, tracking, and manipulate of biological systems is now frequently called nano-medicine. In medicine, the usage of numerous nanomaterials as pharmaceutical delivery structures for drugs, DNA, and imaging agents has gained growing interest. NPs showed characteristic colors and properties with the variation of size and shape, which can be utilized in bioimaging applications [8]. Encapsulation in a NP may added partly defend the contents from the degrading surroundings within the stomach and GI tract but peristalsis appreciably limits their retention. Bioavailability of NP-mediated oral delivery subsequently poor and optimization is needed, permitting adequate space for improvement [9]. METALLIC NP Metallic NPs are in basic terms manufactured from the metals precursors. Because of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance characteristics, these NPs own specific optoelectrical homes. NPs of the alkali and noble metals, that is, Cu, Ag, and Au have a vast absorption band in the visible region of the electromagnetic solar spectrum [10]. The facet, length, and shape controlled synthesis of steel NPs is crucial in contemporary substances. Due to their superior optical properties, metallic NPs locate applications in lots of research areas [11]. SILVER NP Silver NP (Ag-NPs or Nano-Silver) have attracted increasing interest due to their unique bodily, chemical, and biological properties as compared to their macro-scaled opposite numbers [12]. Silver ions (Ag+) are dissociated from distinct salts and from particulate silver, Ag-NPs have exceptional physical chemical properties, including a excessive electrical and thermal conductivity, Raman scattering, the lowest melting and boiling points, chemical stability, catalytic hobby, and non-linear optical behavior [13]. Moreover, silver is the maximum reactive of the “noble” metals, and its cations exert poisonous results against numerous microorganisms. Silver in shape of NPs discovered even extra specific houses, which permits them to be applied inside in a couple of fields of method and medicinal drug: solar electricity harvesting [14]. The suspensions of silver NP of nano-length or more is natural in concept, but in practice be the combinations of silver ions, medium sized NP and excited NP. Silver NP are one of the most attractive nanomaterials for commercialization applications. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2021v14i11.42986. Journal homepage: https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr Review Article 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, CORMIL and CMPAT, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, Javarana Hally, Karnataka, India. 2 Department of CORMIL and CMPAT, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University,