saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis moambe, t. 12, #4, 2018
BULLETIN OF THE GEORGIAN NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, vol. 12, no.4, 2018
© 2018 Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci.
Archaeology
Typological Analysis of Weapons from Georgian
Archaeological Sites of Classical Period
(Spears, Battle-axes)
Vakhtang Shatberashvili
*
, Gela Gamkrelidze
*
,
Marine Pirtskhalava
*
, Natela Jabua
**
*
Otar lordkipanidze Institute of Archaeology, Georgian National Museum, Tbilisi, Georgia
**
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
(Presented by Academy Member David Muskhelishvili)
ABSTRACT. The article refers to typological analysis of iron weapons (spears and battle axes) of
the Classical Period (from 5
th
c.ury BC to 4
th
c.ury AD.) found on the territory of Georgia. According
to main characteristic features 8 types of spearheads were distinguished: 1. narrow- bladed (from 6
th
to 3
rd
c. BC.); 2. rhomboid-bladed (from 5
th
to 3
rd
c. BC., some examples existed in the 1
st
c. BC.); 3.
elongated triangular- bladed (from 5
th
c. BC to 2
nd
c. AD.); 4. with rounded shoulders (from 6
th
-5
th
cc. BC to 4
th
c. AD.); 5. with rounded sides (mainly discovered in graves of west Georgia dating back
to 6
th
-4
th
cc. BC.); 6. arrow-like were found in the burials of west Georgia dating to 5
th
-4
th
cc. BC.);
7. with stem (found at Sokhumi mt. graves # 4 and 9, (4
th
-2
nd
cc. BC.); 8. bayonet- like (5
th
- 3
rd
cc.
BC). Among battle axes 3 types are distinguished: 1. with a short, hammer like butt, oval hole for
handle, prolonged blade with oval, asymmetrical, narrow cutting edge; 2. with a short, hammer-like
butt, an oval hole for handle, the outlined shoulder for a handle, narrow neck, wide, asymmetrical,
or symmetrical cutting edge; 3. “Bearded“ battle-axes, which have long, distinctly outlined, or
sometimes slightly noticeable, tubular socket for a shaft. The wide, assymetrical cutting edge expands
to the lower corner . © 2018 Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci.
Key words: Classical Period, spears, battle axes
During Classical Period (from 5
th
c.ury BC to
4
th
c.ury AD.) different kinds of weapons were
spread in Georgia. Further we will review
typological data of the spears and battle axes, that
were discovered at the archaeological sites of
Classical Period Georgia.
Iron spear was the main weapon in Georgia
throughout the Classical Period. While classifying
spears the main characteristic is a spearhead as
wooden handles have not survived.
The following types of spearheads are known in
Classical Period Georgia:
Type I - The narrow- bladed spearheads (Fig.
1-2). They have long and narrow blades, evenly
narrowing sides toward their points and conical,
opened sockets; width of blade is a bit bigger than