Comparative Analysis of Residential Solar Farm with Energy Storage between the USA and Nigeria Qasim M. Ajao, Rami J. Haddad, Adel El-Shahat Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Southern University Statesboro, Georgia 30458 Email:{qa00169, rhaddad, aahmed}@georgiasouthern.edu Abstract—Unlike the United States, Nigeria’s installed overall electricity capacity is 12.8 GW, while the operational capacity is estimated to be 3.9 GW which is well below the current demand of 98 GW. This results in a consumer power demand shortfall of 94.1 GW across the country. As a result of this wide gap between demand and generation, only about 45% of Nigeria’s citizens have access to electricity. In this paper, a comparative feasibility analysis of the utilization of a photovoltaic system with energy storage for residential application is presented. The comparative analysis is conducted to compare the feasibility of using a solar Farm with an energy storage system between the US and Nigeria. This analysis is carried out using a model developed by IREQ Hydro-Quebec Research Institute. The results are shown in phasor form to analyze the energy stored, solar intensity, and also enable the community in making informed decisions regarding reducing grid dependency. Index Terms—energy storage systems, power system operators, photo-voltaic, renewable energy technology, Solar System I. I NTRODUCTION Nigeria is located in Africa, and has the continent’s largest population count at close to 200 million people. Nigeria’s Energy Policy report released in 2003 shows that this pop- ulation is disconnected from the grid system roughly 60% of the time [1]. Nigeria’s power grid is primarily powered by gas, hydro-power, and oil as indicated in Table I [2]. TABLE I NIGERIA ELECTRICITY STRUCTURE Source % Contribution Gas 37.0 Hydroelectric 35.6 Oil 27.0 Coal 0.4 Photovoltaic 0.0 Due to the absence of a constant power supply, individuals and companies often supplement the power available from the grid using personally owned generators. Nearly everyone who can afford a gas-powered generator owns one. Today, reliable and portable energy storage devices are gaining popularity. Large solar farms are now becoming more common in many rural settings across the world. Access to constant electricity is transitioning from a technical issue into a financial issue. Unlike in the US, Nigeria is facing serious electricity defi- ciency. The grid system is unstable and exposed to sabotage, the shortage is due to a mix of financial, structural, and socio- political issues [18]. In this work, we aim to analyze Nigeria’s power issue and provide recommendation and potential solu- tions. The remainder of this work is organized as follows. The complexity, versatility, and capability of energy storage currently in use are reviewed in Section II. Section III analyzes the model employed for residential energy storage in the southwest region of the US, and then compares it to a location in Nigeria to determine its feasibility. Section V discusses the simulation model and its results as well as PV performance ratio, economic importance and future implementation. II. LITERATURE REVIEW Nigeria energy crisis has become an almost inescapable phenomenon which has generated numerous research studies with a different point of views, from power sector crisis [2], power infrastructure [22], renewable energy investment [20], to renewable energy integration [21]. It has become evident that the people living in this country lack access to constant and reliable source of electricity [23]. Onochie et al. attempted to highlight the large existing deficit in the electricity generation by the country’s power providers and the demand from consumers. They concluded that consumers supplement the grid-provided power with other means of power generation. This is why many reporters in Nigeria’s power sector have utilized the term ”generator economy” since almost everyone who can afford a gas power generator owns one [2]. Ebele et al. explained why Nigeria faces a number of developmental challenges including the risk of losing potential investors for power infrastructural development. They rec- ommended that the Nigerian government and Power System Operators (PSOs) should all make concerted efforts towards growing and developing the power infrastructure. Their rec- ommendation was based on their analysis of a study which emphasized that the infrastructure deficits requires about 8.1 trillion Naira (about $22.4 million) in investments [22]. Udochukwu et al. findings indicated that there is no interest in investing in adding renewable energy in Nigeria. The reasoning behind this is the fact there is currently a high dependence on conventional resources for energy generation. A Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) was further pre- sented in their study, which would help emphasize Nigeria’s 978-1-7281-0137-8/19/$31.00 c 2019 IEEE