769 International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT) ISSN: 2509-0119. © 2019 International Journals of Sciences and High Technologies http://ijpsat.ijsht-journals.org Vol. 15 No. 2 July 2019, pp. 152-156 Corresponding Author: Umar Kalmar Nizar 152 The Role of Temperature on Biodiesel Production from Palm and Waste Cooking Oils Catalyzed By Silica-Titania Catalyst Tamara Putri Raffeza 1 , Ananda Putra 1 , Latisma Dj 1 , Budhi Oktavia 1 , Desy Kurniawati 1 , Sri Benti Etika 1 , Rita Sundari 2 , Umar Kalmar Nizar 1* 1 Chemistry Departement , Universitas Negeri Padang, Jl. Prof Hamka, Air Tawar, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia 2 Mechanical Engineering Departement, Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract - The optimation of reaction temperature on biodiesel production from palm and waste cooking oils has been investigated in the range of 50-70 o C. The reaction has used silica-titania catalyst obtained from solid state reaction between solid precursors of silica and titania. The biodiesel products have been ccharacterized by FTIR (Fourier Transformation Infra-Red) and examination of several properties such as density, flow rate, and acid number. The results show the FTIR spectra of biodiesel products are very similar with that of palm oil or waste cooking oil. The biodiesel product from palm oil shows an optimum temperature of 65 o C. At this temperature, it shows the lowest density with the highest flow rate and the highest percentage of conversion, i.e. 33.33%. The biodiesel product from waste cooking oil shows the optimum temperature of 55 o C that it performs the lowest density with the highest flow rate and the highest percentage of conversion, i.e. 57.1%. Keywords - Biodiesel; Silica-Titania Catalyst; Density; Flow Rate; Temperature; Acid Value. I. INTRODUCTION Biodiesel is an alternative fuel possessing several benefits with regarding to friendly environmental, non toxic, degradable, and less CO emission. This alternative fuel can produce from renewable and sustainable sources such as vegetable oil and animal fat [1]. The vegetable oils include unconsumed oils (hazelnut and castor oils) and consumed oils (palm, sunflower, and coconut oils). Palm oil is the highest consumption and production level vegetable oil[2],[3]. In general, the consumed palm oil contains very low free fatty acid. Indonesia is a very potential country for developing biodiesel production from palm oil because Indonesia is the biggest country in the world to produce palm oil[4]. In addition, the chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of biodiesel from palm oil are similar to that of diesel from petroleum oil and friendly environmental [5]. The waste cooking oil is also potential as raw material for biodiesel production. The advantages of this oil are more economics, available, and easily found in domestic house, restaurant, and industry as residues that can reduce cost of waste management and maintenance. Discharging waste directly to environment can damage the environment due to high content free fatty acid in waste cooking oil. Therefore, in order to overcome the problem the waste cooking oil can be advantaged as raw material for biodiesel production. The utilization of palm or waste cooking oil as biodiesel sources depends on the type of catalyst used particularly heterogeneous catalyst group. Catalyst with acidic properties is more effective for waste cooking oil. The acid catalyst is non sensitive for free fatty acid and capable for both transesterification and esterification reactions simultaneously. The utilization of a base catalyst opens the possibility to yield