INTRODUCTION
The prevalence of depressive disorder
among young people is 3–8% in community
samples,
1
and 20% among young people
attending their family doctor.
2
Of young
people who are depressed at the time of GP
consultation, over 50% have not recovered
6months later.
3
There is an association
between even mild-to-moderate depression
in young people and impaired social
functioning and high rates of affective
disorderinadultlife.
4
Mentaldistressseems
to persist in a considerable proportion of
young people, and ‘it is insufficient to brush
aside traumas and hurt and rely on a time
healing process only’.
5
It is possible,
therefore, that early intervention in mild-to-
moderate depression, as well as in more
severe depression in the teenage years,
might alter the experience of mental ill-
health in adult life.
Over 50% of registered young persons
consulttheirGPeachyear.
6
Whiledepressive
disordersarecommonamongyoungpeople
attending general practice, these individuals
typically seek help for physical symptoms.
Behavioural or emotional complaints
account for only 2% of presentations.
2
Although GPs believe that depressive
presentations among young people are
becoming increasingly common,
7
they tend
toidentifyandreactonlytothosewithsevere
psychological symptoms,
8
and fail to identify
a significant number with less-severe
depressive disorders.
3
This could be
explained by the fact that they find it difficult
to separate mild-to-moderate depression
from ‘normal’ moodiness.
GPs spend less time in consultation with
young people than with adults.
9
Many GPs
feel that young persons differ from adults in
the way they use general practice and that
they are harder to communicate with,
10
and
GPs also worry about over-medicalising
young people’s lives.
11,12
A reluctance to
discuss psychological problems with young
people, even when GPs perceive such
problems to be present, contributes to low
rates of identification.
8,13
Even following
identification, many young people with
psychological disorders receive no specific
management or follow-up,
8
perhaps
because health professionals hesitate to
address issues when they lack confidence in
their own skills, or in the treatments
available.
14
An authoritative statement that
(in this age group) symptoms of depression
are common and often resolve without
psychological or medical intervention may
have influenced practitioners.
15
While there has been considerable
emphasis on training GPs to identify and
manage adult psychiatric disorders, little
work has addressed psychopathology in
SIliffe, FRCGP, FRCP, professor of primary care,
Department of Primary Care and Population
Health, University College London. CGallant, BSc,
primary care mental health worker, Central and
NW London NHS Foundation Trust/Brent PCT,
London. TKramer, MRCPsych, senior lecturer in
child & adolescent psychiatry; JGledhill,
MRCPsych, senior lecturer in child & adolescent
psychiatry; ABye, BSc, research assistant;
VFernandez, DrSpPsych, specialist registrar in
child & adolescent psychiatry; MVila, DrSpPsych,
specialist registrar in child & adolescent
psychiatry; MEGarralda, MD, FRCPsych, professor
of child & adolescent psychiatry, The Academic
Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Imperial
College School of Medicine, London. LMiller,
MRCGP, GP, Lonsdale Medical Centre, London.
Addressforcorrespondence
Professor Steve Iliffe, Research Department of
Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, Royal
Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London,
NW32PF.
E-mail: s.iliffe@ucl.ac.uk
Submitted: 12 June 2011; Editor’sresponse:
7 July 2011; finalacceptance: 26 October 2011.
©BritishJournalofGeneralPractice
This is the full-length article (published online
27 Feb 2011) of an abridged version published in
print. Cite this article as: BrJGenPract2012;
DOI:10.3399/bjgp12X630061
Therapeuticidentificationofdepressionin
youngpeople:
lessons from the introduction of a new technique in general practice
Steve Iliffe, Ceri Gallant, Tami Kramer, Julia Gledhill, Amanda Bye,
Victoria Fernandez, Mar Vila, Lisa Miller and M Elena Garralda
Research
Abstract
Background
Mild-to-moderate depression in young people is
associated with impaired social functioning and
high rates of affective disorder in adult life. Earlier
recognition of depression in young people has the
potential to reduce the burden of depression in
adulthood. However, depression in teenagers is
underdiagnosed and undertreated.
Aim
To assess the usability and usefulness of a
cognitive-behavioural-therapy-based technique
for Therapeutic Identification of Depression in
Young people (TIDY).
Designandsetting
A qualitative study of four group practices in
northwest London.
Method
Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were
conducted with practitioners who had been
trained in the use of the TIDY technique.
Results
Twenty-five GPs and six nurses were interviewed.
The key themes that emerged from the
interviews were: practitioners were ‘making
sense of teenage depression’ when interpreting
signs and symptoms; the training in the
technique was variable in its impact on
practitioners’ attitudes and practice; and time
factors constrained practitioners in the
application of the technique.
Conclusion
The TIDY technique is usable in routine
practice, but only if practitioners are allowed to
use it selectively. This need for selectivity arises
partly from concerns about time management,
and partly to avoid medicalisation of
psychological distress in young people. The
perceived usefulness of the TIDY technique
depends on the practitioner’s prior knowledge,
experience, and awareness.
Keywords
depression; general practice; intervention,
psychological; screening; teenagers.
e174 BritishJournalofGeneralPractice, March 2012