1 23 Acta Neurochirurgica The European Journal of Neurosurgery ISSN 0001-6268 Volume 154 Number 10 Acta Neurochir (2012) 154:1935-1940 DOI 10.1007/s00701-012-1405-2 New shift models for doctors in a large German University Neurosurgery Department: how they comply with the European Working Time Directive 3 years after implementation Jens Maschmann, Martin Holderried, Gunnar Blumenstock, Michael Bamberg, Monika A. Rieger, Marcos Tatagiba & Florian Roser