Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2014, 4(1): 1-6
DOI: 10.5923/j.nn.20140401.01
Characteristics of High-peed Cross-Gain Modulation in
Quantum Dot Lasers
Hussein H. Warid
1,*
, Abdul Kareem H. Dagher
2
1
Physics department, College of Sciences, Thi-Qar University, Nasiriyah, Thi-Qar, Iraq
2
Physics Department, Education College, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Abstract In present work, we present simulation for the cross gain modulation (XGM) response of a quantum-dot laser
(QD-LASER). an analytical model of XGM is derive by using four-level rate equation model (4LREM) under influence of
external pumping in active region of (QD-LASER). In order to calculate the (XGM), (4LREM) modulated by add nonlinear
self-gain saturation coefficient terms. Our date shows good agreement with other theoretical work.This serves to highlight
how the modeling approach adopted can have a significant impact on the dynamic parameter values extracted from small
signal measurements.
Keywords Quantum Dot Laser, Cross Gain Modulation, Rate Equation Model
1. Introduction
Wavelength converters are the key components in
broadband networks. The next generation of high speed
network and all it is functions need to transfer data by
convert optical signals from one frequency to another to
avoid wavelength-blocking and decrease the number of
wavelength channels needed to operate a network.
Wavelength conversion or frequency conversion
mechanisms include cross-gain modulation (XGM),
cross-phase modulation (XPM) and four-wave mixing
(FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA). For
high-speed uses, both XGM and XPM are limited by the
carrier lifetime as they are dependent on interband carrier
recombination and generation. According to our knowledge,
there are several analytical models to calculate the XGM in
semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)[1]. In[2], by using
two coupled rate equation model for carriers density and
photon density an analytical model to calculate XGM
response in semiconductor lasers is derive. The main goal of
present work is investigation the modulation response in
(QD-LASER). Due to gain saturation, high power signal at a
is used to change the gain of a test laser by modulate the
carrier density. The information transfer between pump
wavelength and favorite test signal can be done by
modulated favorite test signal in gain variation process.
Coupled rate equations have been used widely to calculate
the carrier dynamics and optical properties of QD-SOAs.
* Corresponding author:
hussien_hade@yahoo.com (Hussein H. Warid)
Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/nn
Copyright © 2014 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved
Most published works that treat rate-equation models for
these amplifiers consider only the electron dynamics. The
hole dynamics is assumed to be so fast with respect to the
electrons so that all the gain and spontaneous emission
dynamical properties of the QDs are almost determined by
the electron dynamics in conduction band. In the past,
traditional modeling of bulk semiconductor lasers, involves
describing the carrier (electron) and photon dynamics by a
set of two coupled rate equations. Carriers are 3-D in nature
and both equations are coupled through the processes of
spontaneous and stimulated emission. Many of the features
of all semiconductor lasers are well described by this
approach, such as small signal response damping, turn on
delay, relaxation oscillation under large signal modulation
and pattern effects under high speed modulation. Based on
rate equation model, there are several attempts to calculate
the modulation response in semiconductor laser[3,4]. In[2],
the last version for this subject is introduced. By using
three-level rate equations model for (QW), an analytical
model of the small-signal optical XGM theory is presented,
take into account the escape/ relaxation lifetimes[5].
In present work, the modulation response of (QD-LASER),
limited by the carrier lifetime as they are dependent on
interband carrier recombination and generation in
(QD-LASER). The paper is organized as follows. In Section
II, we describe the four-level rate equations and an analytical
model of the XGM in (QD-LASER). Results discussion in
section III.
2. Four-Level Rate Equation Model and
XGM Small-Signal Analysis
With neglected the barrier dynamics, 4lrem describe the