42 Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88 (8): 1190–7, August 2018/Article https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i8.82531 Comparative study of foral biology using detergent and confrm self- incompatibility system in protogynous lines of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) CHANDU SINGH 1 , BORAIAH K M 2 , RAJIV K SINGH 3 , S P JEEVAN KUMAR 4 , GYANENDRA SINGH 5 and RAMESH CHAND 6 ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Kushmaur, Mau, Uttar Pradesh 275 103 Received:20 July 2017; Accepted:14 May 2018 ABSTRACT Seven genotypes of mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj and Coss.], protogynous lines (F 3-5 generation), cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line and different concentrations (3, 5 and 8% (w/v)) of detergent (synthetic detergent powder was used in present investigation. There is effect of detergent which induces more prominent male sterility expression in Pusa Bold followed by Ashirwad genotypes and more vigorous during foral bud initiation, resist to scorching effect and delayed in fowering. Furthermore, the foral attributes, viz. anther length (mm), no. of pollen grains/bagged fower, pollen fertility, stylar length (mm), stigma receptivity, no. of ovules and seed set (%) were highly signifcant and which induced 100 % male sterility. Similarly, the pollen-ovule ratio was found to be non- signifcant and the yield0/plant signifcantly declined with increase in detergent concentration. The PG line showed more prominent stigma exertion, extended protogynous interval (9-10 days) and stigma receptivity (3-4 days) from its protrusion compared to induced male sterile line. The expression of male sterility in PG and CMS lines showed the partial sterility (30-50%) and absolute (100%) respectively. Further, the PG line had low seed set on selfng even it produces normal pollen (pollen viability test) but it was high seed setting occurs with out-crossing hence, it was confrmed presence of self- incompatibility system in the protogynous plants. Key words: Brassica juncea, Detergent, Induced male sterile, Protogynous line (PG), Pusa Bold, Self- incompatibility 1 Scientist (e mail: chandusinghrathod@gmail.com), 3,5 Principal Scientist (e mail: rajiv1571975@rediffmail.com, gyanendra@iari.res.in), 6 Chief Technical Offcer (ramesh@iari. res.in), ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012. 2,4 Scientist (e mail: bors _km@yahoo.co.in, jeevanicar@ gmail.com), ICAR – Indian Institute of Seed Science, Kushmaur, Mau, Uttar Pradesh. The developments of hybrids using male sterility sources are routine in several feld crops including Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj and Coss.]. The cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system in brassica has many limitations, viz. non-availability of restorer lines, genetic non-uniformity, vulnerability to pest and diseases, laborious maintenance of A, B and R lines, non-synchronization of fowering between A and R lines, unstable sterility over environments and incomplete fertility restoration (Singh et al. 2017, Sinha et al. 2016 ). Systematic and co-ordinated efforts for developing hybrids in rapeseed-mustard was initiated in 1989 under the ICAR sponsored project on Promotion of Research and Development Efforts on Hybrids in Crops using two CMS systems in B. juncea, i.e. ogu and tour and another one was reported in B. napus, i.e. polima (Levania and Chauhan 2006). The major emphasis was given to the simultaneous development of CMS-fertility restorer systems. The approach led to the development of seven new CMS systems, viz. siifolia, oxyrrhina, muralis, catholica, nigra, moricandia and trachystoma till 1995. These systems also have several limitations, particularly non-availability of full fertility restoration; hence it could not be utilized for hybrid development (Singh and Singh 1992). The development of genetically engineered system of male sterility, i.e. barnase- barstar system was one of the milestone by utilizing the hybrid vigor in rapeseed-mustard (Jagannath et al. 2002, Singh et al. 2017). Rawat and Anand (1979) reported that the male sterility in Indian mustard but, it could not be utilized due to incomplete fertility restoration. Due to the failure of conventional breeding methods in identifying the restorer gene(s) in B. juncea, it was felt to fnd out restorer gene(s) in the same species from which cytoplasm had been intro-gressed. The concerted efforts were made at National Research Centre for Plant Biotechnology (NRCPB), New Delhi for the development of fertility restorer through protoplast fusion between the wild species