Original Article Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Vol 57, Issue 1 (Suppl), Jan-Mar, 2023 S52 DOI: 10.5530/ijper.57.1s.7 Copyright Information : Copyright Author (s) 2023 Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 Publishing Partner : EManuscript Tech. [www.emanuscript.in] Ind. J. Pharm. Edu. Res, 2023; 57(1s):s52-s62. https://www.ijper.org Formulation and Evaluation of Aspirin-PLGA Microsphere for the Dental Stem Cell Stimulation Litha Thomas 1,4 , Preeti Karwa 2, *, V Kusum Devi 3 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, INDIA. 2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, INDIA. 3 Department of Pharmaceutics, NITTE College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, INDIA. 4 Part-time Research Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, INDIA. ABSTRACT Aim: According to WHO, dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease, and its progression leads to tooth loss. Clinical management of caries focuses on the severity and extent of disease with the main aim, i.e., the ‘art’ of creating a good restoration. Recently, it has been reported that aspirin can stimulate existing stem cells and regenerate damaged teeth. But, the therapeutic efectiveness of a drug depends on developing a suitable novel drug delivery system, to retain at the site and suitably release the drug to produce efective therapy. Therefore, the present investigation intends to develop Aspirin-Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres for the restoration of dentin. Materials and Methods: Aspirin- Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid microsphere was formulated by the double emulsion technique and evaluated for particle size, encapsulation efciency, characterization (diferential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder difraction), in vitro release, as well as irritation testing using the Hen’s egg test-chorioallantoic membrane method. Results: The formulation exhibited good encapsulation efciency (87.31±1.52%) and a particle size of 7.52 μm by Scaning Electron Micrscopy. In vitro release study exhibited sustained release (98.76±0.49%) for 16 days and triphasic release. This confrms that release is due to polymer erosion, swelling, and degradation. The ex vivo permeation study also confrmed sustained permeation and showed the signifcant partition and accumulation of the drug in the tissue. Further, the prepared formulation showed signifcantly low irritation compared to positive control by Hen’s Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane method. Conclusion: Thus, the above fnding suggests that the formulation can stimulate stem cells for the regeneration of dental tissue. Keywords: Stem cell, Dental caries, Sustained release, Aspirin, Dentinogenesis, Microsphere. INTRODUCTION According to World Health Organization, oral health plays a crucial role in good health and well-being. 1 Improper oral care may lead to a severe threat to the oral cavity causing cavity to cancer and systemic diseases. 1 Dental caries is a multifarious infection that develops due to bacterial bioflm (dental plaque), leading to the demineralization of hard dental tissues. 2,3 If the disease is not treated properly, it will lead to the formation of a dental cavity and even permanent loss of the tooth. Te main aim of the management of present diseases is to prevent the progression of the disease by pharmacological agents and also some non-therapeutic approaches like surgical intervention, and mechanical therapy, depending on the stage of the disease and person to person. 4 Although these therapeutic and non-therapeutically approaches provide satisfactory clinical efcacy in the control of infection, pain and seal the space in the cavity. But, these treatment modalities, may lead to tooth fracture, loss of the tooth, or even reinfection. However, till now no treatment is developed for the restoration of the decayed tooth. Hence, this remains a thrust area for pharmaceutical scientists to explore and develop a suitable method for the complete restoration of teeth. Aspirin (Acetyl Salicylic Acid, ASA) most widely used non-steroidal anti-infammatory drug (NSAIDs), is used to modulate a variety of disease conditions like pain 5 (toothaches, and headaches), cardiovascular disease, 5,6 arthritis 5,7 and anti-infammatory. 8 Recent studies reported that Aspirin is capable of stimulating the various dental stem cells, this promotes the migration, proliferation, and diferentiation of odontoblast cells responsible for the enhance the regeneration of dentin. 9-11 Tese fndings strongly suggest that Aspirin has excellent potential in the management of several dental problems for Received: 18-11-2022; Revised: 28-12-2022; Accepted: 24-02-2023. Correspondence: Dr. Preeti Karwa Professor and Head of Department, Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Nr. Lalbaug Main Gate, Hosur Road, Bangalore - 590027, Karnataka, INDIA. Email id: aacp012018@gmail.com