International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-9 Issue-2, December 2019
4050
Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
& Sciences Publication
Retrieval Number: B9030129219/2019©BEIESP
DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.B9030.129219
Abstract: Safety, and health is a dynamic component need to
be practiced in daily actions. The purpose of this research is to
analyze the seafarer’s insight of the human element factors
such as Fatigue, Attitude of Seafarers, Workplace Culture and
Technical and Internal Factor contributes to the accidents while
on board. The objectives of this research are to determine the
main human element factor that leads to the accidents
onboard and to analyze the perception of seafarers toward
human element factor that contributes to accident on-board. A
quantitative questionnaire survey was conducted to 300
respondents among the Malaysian seafarers which covered
two sections. The Section A was for respondents’ demographic
and the Section B for the accident on a board ’s background.
The collected data was analyzed using SPSS of Descriptive
Analysis for mean and percentage, Multiple Correlations and
Multiple Reliability Test. The results showed that the
seafarer’s perception indicated as the main human element
factor leads to an accidents onboard. The total variation of the
dependent variable on the accident on-board is explained by the
independent variable at 14.8%. Some recommendations are
pointed out in minimizing the accidents onboard ship among
the seafarers such as Refreshing Team Culture Training, Safety
Weakness Monitoring and Psych Technique Test Administration.
Keywords: Human Elements, Accidents Onboard Ship,
Shipping Activities, Safety, Seafarers.
I. INTRODUCTION
The growing of worldwide trade and economics is reliant
on shipping facilities. The shipping is a massively worldwide
and varied trade which has directed to an extensive disparity
in the engagement market of seafarers which has becoming
international. Safety and health is an energetic fragment to be
measured in all regular procedures whether at home, office,
workshops, construction sites, sea, air, and other places.
Employees who are unconscious of the safety and health
fundamentals simply bestow to an accident. The accidents
regularly encompass employees who are employed in varied
workplaces. The term of the human element or human factor
plays a decisive role especially in maritime safety (Berg, N.,
Storgård, J., & Lappalainen, J., 2013). This research was
carried out among the employees who are working at a cargo
ship under the Malaysia flag registration.
Revised Manuscript Received on December 05, 2019.
Ismila Che Ishak, Maritime Management Section, Universiti Kuala
Lumpur Malaysian Institute Marine Engineering Technology, Lumut, Perak.
Malaysia.
Mohammad Shaiful Amir Safari, Marine Electrical Electronic
Department, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute Marine
Engineering Technology, Lumut, Perak, Malaysia.
Nazliah Mohd Ali, Marine Electrical Electronic Department, Universiti
Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute Marine Engineering Technology, Lumut,
Perak, Malaysia.
It is a responsibility among the shipping companies to
preserve all seafarers and goods while onboard with
succeeding the safety and security standard. The research
objectives are as follows: a) to determine the main factor of
the human element which leads to an accident on board and b)
to analyze the perception of seafarers toward human element
factors that contribute to an accident onboard. From the
finding of this research, it could assist the relevant parties in
recognizing an appropriate components for better safety
among the seafarers and ships, assists management to
consider and recognizing the main element and revising the
problem directly, supports to provide a safer with a
comfortable working environment onboard, add on additional
benefits efficiently and decrease fatigue and improve morale
among seafarers. The scope of the research was conducted
among the onboard seafarers or has been on the onboard
tanker, general cargo, and bulk carrier and container vessels.
The research expounded certain seafarers from a cargo ship
which is under the registration of the Malaysia flag and it was
limited among Malaysian seafarers only. 300 respondents
were participated in this research.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Shipping and Safety
Safety is contingent on the reliability of the technical and
human elements of the ship system in the shipping activities.
The value of enforced principles towards the promotion of
safety policy in shipping is evaluated and emphasis.
Mercantile shipping is alleged to be a profession with an
excessive degree of mortal damages triggered by structural
mishaps and seafaring catastrophes (Hansen, H. L., Nielsen,
D., & Frydenberg, M. 2002). The safety and health
philosophy have identified and eliminated job site hazards
throughout the lifecycle of work and discouraged work
practice which individual places are at risk of injury and the
integration of safety and health with the daily working
environment (Collins, A., Matthews, V., & McNamara, R.,
2000).
The Related Safety Onboard Conventions
Ism Code (International Safety Management Code)
The ISM Code contains all shipping corporation operative
certain forms of vessels to install security organization
structures. To explore human and managerial influences
tousled in the fatalities and incidents, the Human Factor
Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) is functional to
code the identical statistics. The relative weight of casualties
and incidents is reflected to deliberate the consequences of the
ISM Code and HFACS assessments (Batalden, B. M., &
Sydnes, A. K., 2014).
The Significance of Accidents Onboard Ships
by Human Elements
Ismila Che Ishak, Mohammad Shaiful Amir Safari, Nazliah Mohd Ali