Klin Onkol 2021; 34(4): 309– 312 309 CASE REPORT A rare case of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma in a 24-year-old male with achalasia complicated by postoperative aortoesophageal fstula due to stent placement and early local recurrence Vzácný případ gastroezofageálního karcinomu v 24letého muže s achalázií komplikovanou pooperpační aortoezofageální píštělí v důsledku zavedení stentu a časné lokální rekurence Ioannidis O., Malliora A., Mantzoros I., Loutzidou L., Pramateftakis M.G., Kotidis E., Ouzounidis N., Foutsitzis V., Angelopoulos S., Tsalis K. Fourth Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “Georgios Papanikolaou”, Thesaloniki, Greece Summary Background: Esophageal cancer is the 8 th most common and 6 th most deadly malignancy worldwide. It is an aggressive type of cancer with poor prognosis, despite advances in thera- peutic methods including those in thoracoabdominal surgery, chemotherapy and radiothe- rapy. It rarely manifests in young patients, but occurs frequently in older people. It has been related with achalasia regarding mainly the squamous cell carcinoma rather than the adeno- carcinoma. Infltrating esophageal tumors and radiotherapy can lead to the development of aortoesophageal fstula, a pathological communication between the aorta and the esophagus. Case: We present the case of a 24-year-old male patient with a known history of achalasia for almost 15 years with a history of heavy smoking and drinking that presented with advanced lower esophageal adenocarcinoma. The patient was submitted, as per to his will, directly to Ivor Lewis esophagogastrectomy. One month later, dysphagia was manifested due to stenosis of the anastomosis, without any signs of local recurrence, and an esophageal metallic stent was placed. In the 3 rd postoperative month, upper gastrointestinal bleeding presented due to an aortoesophageal fstula, caused by anastomotic dehiscence due to local recurrence and pressure from the stent, which was treated surgically. The patient, refusing chemotherapy at all stages, developed peritoneal carcinomatosis and died 6 months after surgery. Conclusion: Esophageal cancer is an aggressive type of cancer with a poor prognosis that is typically dia- gnosed in advanced stages. Despite the development of new therapeutic approaches, the high recurrence rate and the poor prognosis remain. Key words esophageal cancer – achalasia – aortoesophageal fstula The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. Autoři deklarují, že v souvislosti s předmětem studie nemají žádné komerční zájmy. The Editorial Board declares that the manu- script met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers. Redakční rada potvrzuje, že rukopis práce splnil ICMJE kritéria pro publikace zasílané do bi omedicínských časopisů.  Orestis Ioannidis, MD, MSC, PhD Fourth Department of General Surgery School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Alexandrou Mihailidi 13 54640 Thessaloniki Greece e-mail: iorestis@auth.gr Submitted/Obdrženo: 3. 8. 2020 Accepted/Přijato: 5. 1. 2021 doi: 10.48095/ccko2021309