INFLUENCE OF INTESTINALSURFACTANT LIKE PARTICLES ON DIFFERENTIALACTIVATION OF SECONDARY SIGNALING MOLECULES DURING SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION M. HANIEF SOFI 1,2,3,4 , ARCHANA BHATNAGAR 1,2 , SAVEETA SAPRA 1 , AKHTAR MAHMOOD 2 and SIDHARTHA MAJUMDAR 1 1 Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh, India 2 Department of Biochemistry Panjab University Chandigarh, India 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Michigan School of Medicine Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Accepted for Publication July 8, 2009 ABSTRACT Interaction between the enteric pathogen Salmonella typhimurium and the luminal surface of the intestine provoke an acute inflammatory response mediated in part by various inflammatory molecules. Surfactant-like particles (SLP) are known to cover the surface of the intestinal epithelium, act as lubricants and/or as a vehicle to deliver digestive enzymes to the luminal fluid. Recently we have shown that SLP plays an important protective role during microbial insult. The data suggested that SLP-induced diet prevents the damage of intestinal villi caused by S. typhimurium infection. The present study was designed to assess the role of SLP on secondary signaling molecules during S. typhimurium infection. The Peyer’s patch, intraepithelial and lamina propria mononuclear cells were analyzed under various conditions for secondary signaling molecules, including calcium, inositol triphosphate and protein kinase C. SLP-induced diet along with infection showed significant variation in these secondary signaling molecules, particularly in Peyer’s patches, as compared to infection group alone. In addition, the cells isolated from the infected group upon incubation in vitro with SLP also showed a considerable variation of these molecules. These results suggested an impor- 4 Corresponding author. TEL: 734-647-7579; FAX: 734-764-3562; EMAIL: mhanief@umich.eduf DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2010.00219.x Journal of Food Safety 30 (2010) 455–469. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 455