Smart Innovations and Constructions 200 © MANTECH PUBLICATIONS 2021. All Rights Reserved Traffic Congestion Metrics: A Review Yash Rane 1 , Suhasini Kulkarni 2 Department of Civil Engineering Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology (PIET), Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat Email: yashrane92@yahoo.com 1 , suhasini.kulkarni@paruluniversity.ac.in 2 DOI:- https://doi.org/10.47531/SIC.2022.25 Abstract With the increasing population, traffic congestion has become one of the major issues in India. Traffic congestion causes two major issues. First, it increases fuel consumption and emissions, which leads to pollution, and secondly, it increases road accidents which lead to loss of precious human life and damages property. To reduce congestion, identification of congestion measuring metrics, proper land-use patterns and traffic management are three major factors. This paper reviews different congestion metrics used to measure traffic congestion and traffic management measure used to reduce congestion. A systematic review is carried out, and the strength and weaknesses of these measures are discussed. Keywords: - Traffic Congestion, Traffic management, Congestion measurement INTRODUCTION Traffic congestion to a layman involves motionless or slowly moving vehicle lines on a freeway or city street, lane closure due to road construction or an accident, or some form of traffic backup. On the other hand, the transportation professional thinks of congestion in terms of flow rates, capacity, volumes, speeds and delay. Traffic congestion occurs when traffic capacity does not meet traffic demand at sufficient speed, traffic controls are misused, or an event occurs on the road, such as an accident or vehicle breakdown. Congestion may occur at any time of the day. Traffic congestion is a relative phenomenon linked to the difference between the roadway system performance that users expect and how the system performs. Urban traffic congestion must be understood in the broader context of city dynamics and agglomeration benefits. Traffic congestion in urban areas is often the outcome of successful urban economic development, employment, housing and cultural policies that make people want to live and work relatively close to each other and attract firms to benefit from the gains in productivity thus derived. Traffic congestion can be classified into two types, i.e. recurrent and non-recurrent, and can be distributed over a network or isolated. There is recurrent congestion when traffic on a highway reaches its capacity at a given location at a consistent and repetitive time of day. Non- recurrent congestion is caused by frequent or unexpected events that temporarily rise, requiring