Downloaded from www.microbiologyresearch.org by Paracoccus aestuariivivens sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat Sooyeon Park, 1 Sun Young Yoon, 1 Yong-Taek Jung, 1,2 Sung-Min Won, 1 Doo-Sang Park 3 and Jung-Hoon Yoon 1 Correspondence Jung-Hoon Yoon jhyoon69@skku.edu 1 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea 2 University of Science and Technology, 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea 3 Microbiological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, PO Box 115, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or short-rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated GHD-30 T , was isolated from a tidal flat on the Yellow Sea in South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain GHD-30 T grew optimally at 30  C, at pH 6.5–7.5 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GHD-30 T represented a member of the genus Paracoccus. Strain GHD-30 T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.10– 97.33 % to the type strains of Paracoccus lutimaris, Paracoccus limosus and Paracoccus halophilus and of 94.35–96.97 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Paracoccus. Strain GHD-30 T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C 18 : 1 !7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids detected in strain GHD-30 T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain GHD-30 T was 62.0 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with the type strains of P. lutimaris, P. limosus, and P. halophilus were 11–19 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain GHD-30 T is separated from recognized species of the genus Paracoccus. On the basis of the data presented, strain GHD-30 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus aestuariivivens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GHD-30 T (=KCTC 52214 T =NBRC 111993 T ). During a screening of novel bacteria from a tidal flat at Gangwha island on the Yellow Sea, South Korea, many novel bacterial strains have been recently isolated and char- acterized taxonomically. One of these isolates, a Paracoccus- like bacterial strain (designated GHD-30 T ) is described in this study. The genus Paracoccus was proposed by Davis et al. (1969) with the description of a single recognized spe- cies, Paracoccus denitrificans (type species). At the time of writing, the genus Paracoccus comprises 43 species with val- idly published names (http://www.bacterio.net/uw/paracoc- cus.html; Parte, 2014). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences have shown that the genus Paracoccus falls within the class Alphaproteobacteria (Anzai et al., 2000; Lee et al., 2005). Members of the genus Paracoccus have been isolated from a variety of habitats, including soils, sediments, sludge, marine environments and marine organ- isms (Nokhal & Schlegel, 1983; Liu et al., 2006; Khan et al., 2008; Li et al., 2009; Roh et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2010; Sheu et al., 2011; Lee & Lee, 2013; Jung et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2014; Nguyen et al., 2015). The aim of the present work was to determine the exact taxonomic position of strain GHD- 30 T by using a polyphasic characterization that included the determination of chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, a detailed phylogenetic investigation based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA–DNA hybridization. A tidal flat sediment was collected from Gangwha island on the Yellow Sea of South Korea, and used as a source for the isolation of bacterial strains. Strain GHD-30 T was isolated by the standard dilution plating technique at 25  C on marine agar 2216 (MA; BD Difco) and cultivated routinely at 30  C on MA. Paracoccus denitrificans KCTC 2530 T , The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain GHD-30 T is KU696538. Two supplementary figures are available with the online Supplementary Material. 2992 001133 ã 2016 IUMS Printed in Great Britain International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2016), 66, 2992–2998 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.001133