Occurrence of Endocrine Disruption Chemicals (Bisphenol A, 4-Nonylphenol, and Octylphenol) in Muscle and Liver of, Cyprinus Carpino Common, from Anzali Wetland, Iran Samar Mortazavi • Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari • Abbas Esmaili Sari • Nader Bahramifar • Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh Received: 3 September 2012 / Accepted: 30 January 2013 / Published online: 21 February 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 Abstract Phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals are environmental pollutants with xenostrogen effects in wild- life and humans. The aim of this study was to determine 4-nonylphenol, Octylphenol, and Bisphenol A residues in various tissues of carp fish samples from Anzali wetland, Iran. 4-NP, OP, and BPA were detected with GC–MS in the muscle of fish from sampling location with maximal con- centrations of 8.17, 9.67 and 5.87 lg/gdw, respectively. The highest concentrations of these compounds were found in the liver by HPLC. Since many endocrine disrupting substances were significantly lipophilic, distributing of these com- pounds into fish tissue has been correlated with lipid content. Keywords Anzali wetland Á Carp Á Octylphenol Á 4-Nonylphenol Á Bisphenol A Bisphenol-A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), and octhylphe- nol (OP) are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment have dramatically raised; as a result, they have drawn scientific and public attention worldwide due to their potential harmful effects on the normal reproduction and development of environmentally exposed aquatic animals (Liu et al. 2011). BPA is a compound which is commonly used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate (PC) plastics. Resins containing BPA are usually used in coating metal products such as food cans, bottle caps and water supply pipes (Soares et al. 2008). 4-NP and OP, on the other hand, are contaminants in the aquatic environment resulting from the release of nonionic surface active sub- stances such as alkylphenols (APs). These compounds are widely used in lubricant oils, emulsifiers, plastics, latex paints, and household and industrial detergents, among other uses (Nord 1996). The major effects of these compounds include vitellogenesis, feminization and hermaphrodism in fish (Liu et al. 2011). Several studies on male Rainbow trout (Oncorhyn chusmykiss), Channel catfish (Ictaluru spuncta- tus), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and Atlantic cod (Gad husmorhua) have proved that these compounds (4-NP, OP, and BPA) can tempt synthesis of the yolk protein vitello- genin, which serves as a sensitive biomarker for exposure to estrogens (Hylland and Haux 1997; Lye et al. 1999). Anzali wetland is located near the northern port city of Bandar-e Anzali in Gilan Province, Iran. It is one of the few Iranian wetlands which have been registered as an international wetland in the 1975 Ramsar Convention. Despite its importance, this wetland has been the victim of chemical pollution. The use of Anzali wetland’s bank as S. Mortazavi Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resource and Environment, Malayer University, P.O. Box 65719-9581863, Malayer, Hamedan, Iran e-mail: mortazavi.s@gmail.com A. R. Bakhtiari (&) Á A. E. Sari (&) Environmental Forensic Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resource and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran e-mail: ariyahi@gmail.com; riahi@modares.ac.ir A. E. Sari e-mail: abbasesmailisari@yahoo.com N. Bahramifar Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), P.O. Box 193953697, Tehran, Iran e-mail: nbahramifar@yahoo.com F. Rahbarizadeh Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-331, Tehran, Iran e-mail: rahbarif@modares.ac.ir 123 Bull Environ Contam Toxicol (2013) 90:578–584 DOI 10.1007/s00128-013-0964-0