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The Pharma Innovation Journal 2023; 12(5): 1520-1527
ISSN (E): 2277-7695
ISSN (P): 2349-8242
NAAS Rating: 5.23
TPI 2023; 12(5): 1520-1527
© 2023 TPI
www.thepharmajournal.com
Received: 26-03-2023
Accepted: 30-04-2023
Aniket Bhalchandra Gaikwad
Department of Food Technology
and Nutrition, Lovely
Professional University,
Phagwara, Punjab, India
Ravindra Kumar Tiwari
Department of Food Technology
and Nutrition, Lovely
Professional University,
Phagwara, Punjab, India
Pintu Choudhary
Department of Food Technology
and Nutrition, Lovely
Professional University,
Phagwara, Punjab, India
Navjot Kaur
Department of Food Technology
and Nutrition, Lovely
Professional University,
Phagwara, Punjab, India
Corresponding Author:
Aniket Bhalchandra Gaikwad
Department of Food Technology
and Nutrition, Lovely
Professional University,
Phagwara, Punjab, India
A comprehensive review on papaya seed oil extraction
and recent applications in food industry
Aniket Bhalchandra Gaikwad, Ravindra Kumar Tiwari, Pintu
Choudhary and Navjot Kaur
Abstract
The study has been carried out to explore papaya seed oil extraction techniques which are the new source
of edible oil in the food industry. Given the global trend towards the utilisation of solid waste and
agricultural leftovers, oil extraction could give economic value to a large number of seeds that are
generally wasted. In conventional extraction technology there are many shortcomings, like high
consumption of energy, more consumption of harmful chemicals. These have forced the food and
chemical industries to find new separation "green" techniques which typically use less solvent and
energy, such as microwave extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound extraction, ultrafiltration,
flash distillation, the controlled pressure drop process and subcritical water extraction. Separation under
extreme or non-classical conditions is currently a dynamically developing area in applied research and
industry. The bioactive compounds present in papaya seeds make its essential oil a promising food for
therapeutic benefits. There are traditional and non-traditional methods for extracting oil from papaya
seeds. Traditional extraction methods such as soxhlet extraction and solvent extraction as well as non-
traditional extraction methods such as enzyme-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, and
supercritical fluid extractions have been studied. Plants are used to extract vegetable oils, which are then
employed in a variety of industrial and food products. This review summarizes the methods and
technologies that can be used for the efficient extraction of papaya seed oil, along with its nutritional
importance and applications in the food sector.
Keywords: Carica papaya L, papaya seed oil, extraction
1. Introduction
The Carica papaya is a member of the Caricaceae family (Yanty et al., 2014)
[26]
. It was first
cultivated in Central America and now spread throughout the world tropical and subtropical
climates. Papaya fruits are valuable both as food, including concentrates and mixed beverages
and in traditional medicine. The report states that global papaya production increased from
over 13.74 million metric tones in 2019 to just under 14 million metric tones in 2020. Papaya
has high nutritional value as well as medicinal value. Its roots, leaves, peels, fruits, and seeds
have nutritional and therapeutic properties. Papaya fruit is elongated and club-shaped up to 6
to 20 inches (15-50 cm) long and 4 to 8 inches thick. Weight of papaya fruit is up to 1 to 2
kilograms sometimes much more (Li et al., 2015)
[9]
. There are 50 types of papaya varieties
that have been identified. However, due to uncontrolled pollination, pure breeding of papaya
varieties is decreasing (Samaram et al., 2014)
[20]
. The skin is waxy and fairly tough. In
ripening process it becomes light or deep yellow in color. It is juicy, some type quite musky.
The numerous spherical, wrinkled black seeds are adhered to the walls of the expansive central
chamber.
As shown in Fig 1, the papaya fruits have a 60% pulp present, which is useful for juices, jams,
jelly and pepin production (Tan et al., 2020)
[23]
. The papaya seed accounts for approximately
20% of the weight of the fresh fruits, which are agricultural waste but processed by the food
industry, they are edible. Overall, the papaya has 12% peel, which is also agricultural waste
(Li et al., 2015)
[9]
. The roots and leaves of papaya can be used as diuretics, anthelmintics, and
to cure bilious disorders. It contain proteolytic enzyme that soothes the stomach and aids in
digestion its liquid extract has been used to shrinonsils (Natural Product Radiance, n.d.).