SHORT NOTE Batu Caves: Further evidence of orangutans, Colobine monkey, and rhinoceroses in Late Quaternary Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia LIM TZE TSHEN 1 *, ROS FATIHAH MUHAMMAD 1 , TECKWYN LIM 2,3,4 , VIVIENNE P.W. LOKE 2 , TAN WEI HARN 5,6 , FAKHRULRADZI MOHD RAZIF 1 , CHENG SHEAU JIUAN 7 and AMIR HAKIM AMIRUDDIN 1 Abstract: Renewed surveys focused on Quaternary mammal remains were conducted during the 2019 Batu Caves Scientific Expedition by engaging members from the general public. Survey results added one previously unreported fossil site (Gatal Bawah Cave) and enriched the faunal composition of a Late Pleistocene site (Cistern Cave). An updated faunal list reveals a greater palaeo-diversity of mammals in Batu Caves area than is at present. Keywords: Cistern Cave, faunal list, fossil mammals, karstic caves, Late Pleistocene Quaternary mammal remains from non-archaeological context in Batu Caves massif were first reported from a small ground-level cave (Cistern Cave; Figure 1) in 2006 (Lim 2006). Subsequent investigations (Yasamin et al. 2012, 2013) had identified further fossil sites similarly located on the southern slope of the massif: Villa and Swamp Caves (Figure 1). Yasamin et al. (2013) had provided a Late Pleistocene age (66,000 to 33,000 years old) for these mammal-bearing fossil sites. These findings, however, were not the first Quaternary fossils discovered from the massif as caving activities by the Malaysian Nature Society (Selangor branch) had in the 1990s recovered some mammal fossil teeth from a previously unreported site (Gatal Bawah Cave; Figure 1) in the northern part of the massif (G. Nadason, pers. comm.). Further afield but nearby, Roe (1951) reported an Asian elephant molar tooth fossil from a tin mine in Batu valley. The specimen was found in 1949 from a stratigraphic level under about 20 feet of tin-bearing alluvium, resting on the granite bedrock. A total of five surveys involving the general public as volunteers were conducted between the period from April to August 2019: three at Cistern Cave, and two at Gatal Bawah Cave. The scientific expedition had not focused on Villa and Swamp Caves because these sites, as well as their original fossil-bearing sediments were much altered by anthropogenic disturbance since 2012. The two main objectives were to gauge the potential of Cistern Cave deposits for further palaeontological research and, to gain a better knowledge of the fossil-bearing deposits in Gatal Bawah Cave, aided by information from Ganason Nadason. Collected fossil materials were limited to loose sub-surface finds, and preliminary identification of these fossils (composed almost exclusively of isolated dental remains) was made using the reference bone collection of the Zoology Museum in Universiti Malaya. 1 Department of Geology, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia 3 Resource Stewardship Consultants Sdn Bhd, 38, Jalan 12/15, 46200 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia 4 Center for Malaysian Indigenous Studies, Universiti Malaya, 11 Jalan 16/4, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 5 Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam 6 Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam 7 Block 2, 6D Seri Serdang, 43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia *Corresponding author: limtzetshen@yahoo.com Malayan Nature Journal 2023, 75(1), 201-204 201