A review on recent advances and applications of nanofluids in plate heat exchanger Sanjeev Kumar Gupta ⇑ , Shubham Gupta, Tushar Gupta, Abhishek Raghav, Arpan Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering & Technology, GLA University, Mathura, U.P. 281406, India article info Article history: Received 31 August 2020 Received in revised form 10 September 2020 Accepted 18 September 2020 Available online xxxx Keywords: Characterization of Nanofluid Hybrid Nanofluid Convective Heat Transfer Thermal Conductivity CNT MWCNT abstract Heat exchangers are the very useful component used in various domestic and industrial applications such as water heating, power plants, air conditioning, vehicle industry, food industry, pharmaceutical industry and petrochemical industry etc. The economic considerations associated with heat exchanger are the major challenge for its technological development. The performance improvement of the heat exchanger is also one of the major challenges. The energy utilization efficiency is increased and heat transfer time is reduced by enhancing the heat transfer of the heat exchanger. Utilization of nanofluid is one of the best options to enhance the heat transfer rate due to high thermal conductivity and also overcome the eco- nomic consideration associated with heat exchangers. This paper provides an overview of the utilization of nanofluid in a plate heat exchanger. Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Confer- ence on Materials, Processing & Characterization. 1. Introduction The rapid increase in world population and industrial growth caused the global energy crisis. The rapid development of socio- economic needs also the reason behind global energy extremity. The use of traditional petroleum products is increased quickly while the availability of these products decreases day by day [1– 5]. The consumption of energy is anticipated to increase in near future and according to Outlook for Energy: A Perspective to 2040, the global energy requirement will rise by roughly 20% more by the target year 2040. Most countries energy demand for power production are fulfilled by gas turbine technique. It is only possible because of advancement in technology, reliability to use, quick installation, comparatively less operation and maintenance cost, has high cycle efficiency, comparatively less harmful environmen- tal effects such as less CO 2 and NO x emission [6–7]. The application area of the gas turbine has become very wide due to the advancement in the Brayton cycle. Now, these days, gas turbines are used in power plant for electric power generation, marine propulsion, locomotive propulsion, automotive propulsion, avia- tion propulsion etc. In open-cycle, the working fluid is changed during each cycle while in closed cycle working fluid is reused. Due to less fuel intake, the closed-cycle gas turbine is cost- effective in comparison to the open cycle. The thermal transport efficiency of a closed-cycle gas turbine is also very high more than 50% as compared to an open cycle gas turbine [8]. However, open cycle gas turbine is preferred for propulsion situation such as air- craft, automotive due to comfort of load control, tiny construction size and higher inlet temperature of the turbine [9–10]. The heat exchanger (HE) is the essential element that actively affects the performance of the close cycle since it carries the necessary heat from the heat source to the gas turbine cycle. Reheater, intercooler and recuperators (types of heat exchanger) are sometimes used with close cycle to increase the thermal efficiency [10]. Keller and Ackeret [8] was the first person who parented closed cycle gas turbine in1935. Researchers [11–12] noticed very little improvement in the performance of the closed cycle gas turbine by modifying its design and also by the use of different kind of heat exchangers devices. To overcome these limitations, an advance cat- egory of fluid is needed to improve the performance of heat exchanger. The main advantage of nanofluid as working fluid is https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.460 2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Materials, Processing & Characterization. Abbreviations: PHE, Plate Heat Exchanger; CNT, Carbon Nanotube; MWCNT, Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube; SEM, Scanning electron microscope; TEM, Trans- mission electron microscope; XRD, X-ray diffraction; FT-IR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope; DLS, Dynamic light scattering; TGA, Thermogravimetric analysis. ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: sanjeev.mnnita@gmail.com (S.K. Gupta). Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Materials Today: Proceedings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr Please cite this article as: Sanjeev Kumar Gupta, S. Gupta, T. Gupta et al., A review on recent advances and applications of nanofluids in plate heat exchan- ger, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.460